Fiber Bragg Grating Tension Control for Stable Picosecond Lasers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing mode-locked laser systems struggle to produce stable, narrow-linewidth pulses with high peak power, particularly for applications requiring precise wavelength stability, as they often sacrifice pulse duration for bandwidth, leading to inefficiencies in frequency conversion processes.

Innovation Solution

A wavelength-stabilized narrow-linewidth mode-locked picosecond laser system is developed, utilizing a fiber Bragg grating as a narrowband reflector, with a tension control system and measurement device to maintain the FBG's longitudinal tension, ensuring stable operation and high peak powers by controlling the FBG's tension through a feedback loop.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of moving object

If mode-locking is used to produce extremely short pulses, then pulse duration is reduced, but bandwidth increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse durationVSAvoidbandwidth
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter of pulse duration from femtosecond to picosecond range, which inherently reduces the required bandwidth while still maintaining mode-locking benefits. This parameter change allows the system to achieve a balance between pulse duration and bandwidth requirements for frequency conversion applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Duration of action of moving object

If bandwidth is increased to support shorter pulses, then pulse duration is reduced, but wavelength stability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse durationVSAvoidwavelength stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control system using a piezoelectric actuator to adjust the fiber Bragg grating's tension based on wavelength error signals. This feedback mechanism actively compensates for wavelength drift, maintaining wavelength stability even while operating with picosecond pulse durations that have narrower bandwidth requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary wavelength stabilization by pre-adjusting the fiber Bragg grating tension through the piezoelectric actuator before frequency conversion operations begin. This preliminary action ensures the laser operates at the precise wavelength required for optimal frequency conversion efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Quantity of substance

If narrow bandwidth is used to achieve wavelength stability, then peak power is reduced, but frequency conversion efficiency improves

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidpeak power
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs periodic pulsed operation with picosecond duration pulses rather than continuous wave operation. This periodic action concentrates energy into short time intervals, achieving high peak powers that drive efficient frequency conversion while the overall narrow bandwidth maintains wavelength stability. The pulsed nature allows high instantaneous power without requiring broad spectral bandwidth.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves stable narrow-linewidth operation, maintaining the laser wavelength within 5 or 10 picometers of a desired wavelength, enabling higher peak powers and efficient frequency conversion, particularly in deep ultraviolet applications where wavelength stability is critical.

Implementation Method 1

a fiber Bragg grating which acts as a narrowband reflector

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBragg Diffraction: Bragg Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

a piezoelectric actuator to change the length of the grating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric Effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

Mode-locking is often used to produce extremely short pulses (e.g. femtosecond pulses) in laser systems

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMode-locking:

Data Source

PatentEP4213317B1Wavelength-stabilised narrow-linewidth mode-locked picosecond laser system
Publication Date: 2025.01.08 NKT PHOTONICS AS
  • EP4213317B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4213317B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4213317B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A wavelength-stabilised narrow-linewidth mode-locked picosecond laser system comprises a laser cavity which includes an amplifier, a mode-locking element, and a fiber Bragg grating which acts as a narrowband reflector. The system includes a mount to which the fiber Bragg grating is mounted under tension, a tension control system to adjust the tension, and a measurement device to provide a measurement output related to a current operating wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating. A microcontroller or other controller wavelength-stabilises the laser by controlling the tension control system responsive to the measured wavelength.