FCA Classification Lattice for Noisy Biological Data

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing formal concept analysis (FCA) classification systems suffer from high error rates and inefficiencies, particularly in hierarchical data classification, especially in noisy settings like electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI BOLD), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), due to the complexity and computational intensity of current algorithms.

Innovation Solution

A system that generates a formal concept analysis (FCA) classification lattice using a context table with appended class columns, treating class columns as normal attributes, and employing a node-voting scheme with a selection and voting function to classify input data, utilizing processors to perform operations and generate presentation context vectors for accurate classification.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional FCA classification algorithms are used, then classification can be performed, but error rates are high and computational time is excessive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidcomputational time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the classification process into distinct phases: lattice generation phase and classification phase. The lattice is pre-generated during an offline training phase using training data, then reused during the online classification phase. This segmentation allows computationally intensive lattice construction to be performed once, while classification queries can be executed efficiently by traversing the pre-built lattice structure, thereby reducing computational time for actual classification tasks while maintaining accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary action by pre-generating the FCA lattice structure during an offline training phase before actual classification is needed. The lattice captures the hierarchical relationships and concepts from training data in advance. When classification queries arrive, the system leverages this pre-computed lattice structure, avoiding the need to rebuild or reprocess the entire data structure, thus significantly reducing computational time while preserving classification accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Adaptability or versatility

If FCA is applied to noisy biological data, then classification can be attempted, but the noise to signal ratio causes classification failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to handle noisy dataVSAvoidclassification success rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts meaningful patterns and hierarchical structures from noisy biological data by constructing an FCA lattice that identifies stable concept relationships. The lattice generation process filters out noise by focusing on consistent attribute-object associations across multiple training presentations. During classification, the system queries the lattice structure rather than directly processing raw noisy data, effectively extracting the signal from noise through the intermediate conceptual representation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The FCA lattice serves as an intermediary structure between noisy biological data and classification decisions. Instead of directly classifying noisy raw data, the system first maps data to concepts in the lattice, which represent stable, noise-filtered patterns. This intermediary representation allows the system to handle noisy input data robustly while maintaining reliable classification output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Device complexity

If a single node within the lattice is used for classification, then the algorithm is simple, but classification fails in complex noisy settings

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealgorithm simplicityVSAvoidclassification robustness
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple voting nodes within the lattice to perform classification, rather than relying on a single node. The system identifies a set of relevant nodes that vote on the classification outcome, combining their perspectives to reach a robust decision. This merging approach maintains relative algorithmic simplicity while significantly improving robustness in complex noisy settings by leveraging collective wisdom from multiple lattice nodes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a universal voting mechanism that can be applied across different classification tasks and data types. The same lattice-based voting framework works for both simple and complex classification problems, adapting to different scenarios without requiring fundamentally different approaches. This multi-functional classification approach maintains algorithmic simplicity while achieving robustness across diverse applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If iterative FCA classification is performed, then good results are achieved, but a large number of expensive iterations require substantial computational time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidcomputational efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs the computationally intensive lattice generation as a preliminary action during an offline training phase. Once the lattice is built, subsequent classification queries can be answered efficiently by traversing the pre-computed structure without requiring repeated iterative processing. This preliminary computation achieves high classification accuracy while dramatically improving computational efficiency for actual classification tasks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the computational workload into offline lattice generation and online classification querying. The expensive iterative lattice construction is performed once offline, while the efficient lattice traversal is performed online for each classification query. This segmentation eliminates the need for repeated expensive iterations during actual classification, maintaining high accuracy while improving productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentUS10360506B2General formal concept analysis (FCA) framework for classification
Publication Date: 2019.07.23 HRL LAB
  • US10360506B2 patent drawing
  • US10360506B2 patent drawing
  • US10360506B2 patent drawing

AI summary

The system classifies data using formal concept analysis (FCA). In a training phase, the system generates a FCA classification lattice, having a structure, using a set of training data. The set of training data comprises training presentations and classifications corresponding to the training presentations. In a classification phase, a set of test data having classes that are hierarchical in nature is classified using the structure of the FCA classification lattice.