FCN Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection on Head CT

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current medical imaging technologies, such as head CT scans, face challenges in detecting tiny, subtle abnormalities like acute intracranial hemorrhages due to low signal-to-noise ratio, poor contrast, and high incidence of image artifacts, which limits their sensitivity and specificity.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) for detecting acute intracranial hemorrhages on head CT scans, which uses pixel-level supervision and a relatively small training dataset to achieve state-of-the-art exam-level classification performance and robust localization of abnormalities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional CT imaging is used, then the imaging process is simple and fast, but the detection of tiny subtle abnormalities is poor due to low signal-to-noise ratio and poor contrast

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection precision of acute intracranial hemorrhageVSAvoidimage processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional mechanical image processing methods with a deep learning-based neural network system. The neural network automatically learns complex patterns from CT images, substituting manual radiological assessment and traditional image processing algorithms with an intelligent system that achieves superior detection precision for acute intracranial hemorrhage while managing computational complexity through optimized architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the detection approach by changing from direct visual assessment of CT images to a multi-parameter evaluation system. The neural network analyzes multiple image parameters simultaneously including signal-to-noise ratio, contrast characteristics, and spatial patterns, converting qualitative radiological judgment into quantitative multi-parameter analysis that improves detection precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If radiologists manually review CT scans, then the process requires expert judgment, but sensitivity and specificity for tiny abnormalities remain limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensitivity and specificity for acute intracranial hemorrhageVSAvoidtime for manual review
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a digital copy of the CT scan analysis process through a neural network model trained on extensive datasets. This computational model replicates and enhances radiological expertise by learning from numerous annotated cases, achieving superior sensitivity and specificity for detecting acute intracranial hemorrhage while reducing the time required for review through automated classification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The neural network system performs self-learning and self-evaluation through automated training on labeled datasets and internal validation processes. The model continuously refines its detection capabilities through self-optimization, achieving high diagnostic accuracy without requiring continuous human intervention, thereby reducing review time while maintaining or improving sensitivity and specificity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Measurement precision

If deep learning algorithms are applied, then classification accuracy improves to expert level, but the system complexity and computational requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveexam-level classification accuracyVSAvoidneural network architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the complex neural network architecture into distinct functional modules including feature extraction layers, classification layers, and validation components. This modular segmentation allows the system to achieve expert-level classification accuracy while managing complexity through organized, manageable components that can be independently optimized and validated.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from two-dimensional image analysis to three-dimensional volumetric analysis by processing multiple CT slices and integrating spatial information across dimensions. This dimensional expansion enables the neural network to capture complex spatial patterns and relationships, improving classification accuracy while organizing computational complexity through structured multi-dimensional processing architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Data Source

PatentUS12243297B2Expert-level detection of acute intracranial hemorrhage on head CT scans
Publication Date: 2025.03.04 RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
  • US12243297B2 patent drawing
  • US12243297B2 patent drawing
  • US12243297B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A computer-implemented method can include a training phase and a hemorrhage detection phase. The training phase can include: receiving a first plurality of frames from at least one original computed tomography (CT) scan of a target subject, wherein each frame may or may not include a visual indication of a hemorrhage, and further wherein each frame including a visual indication of a hemorrhage has at least one label associated therewith; and using a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) to train a model by determining, for each of the first plurality of frames, whether at least one sub-portion of the frame includes a visual indication of a hemorrhage and classifying the sub-portion of the frame based on the determining. The hemorrhage detection phase can include: receiving a second plurality of frames from a CT scan of a target subject, wherein each frame may or may not include a visual indication of a hemorrhage; and determining, for each of the second plurality of frames, whether a plurality of sub-portions of the frame includes a visual indication of a hemorrhage based at least in part on the trained model.