Federated Database System Local Caching Query Response
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Solution Overview
Problem
Accessing and managing large, geographically dispersed data sets in a timely manner is challenging due to the sheer volume of data, leading to difficulties in performance and security.
Innovation Solution
A distributed federated database system is created by linking multiple local databases, each with a common type definition, allowing for local caching of data and using relationship tables to manage and update replicated data, ensuring freshness and reducing lag times in query responses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If data is organized into multiple separate databases for security and performance, then data security and performance are improved, but access time and data retrieval efficiency deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the large database into multiple smaller local databases (e.g., database 104a, 104b, 104c) that are geographically dispersed. Each local database stores only a portion of the total data, which improves security by limiting access scope and enables parallel processing of queries across different locations, thereby reducing access time while maintaining security benefits.
Solution Approach 2:
A federation manager (108) acts as an intermediary between clients and local databases. It receives queries from clients, determines which local databases need to be queried, and collects results. This intermediary layer coordinates access across distributed databases, reducing the time clients would otherwise spend navigating multiple database connections independently.
2Adaptability or versatility
If data is accessed from geographically dispersed databases, then data distribution and security are improved, but query response time deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system pre-establishes a federation schema (106) that defines the structure, relationships, and access rules for all local databases before queries are executed. This schema includes type definitions and relationship mappings that enable the federation manager to efficiently route queries to appropriate local databases without delay, thus reducing query response time while maintaining flexible geographic distribution.
Solution Approach 2:
The federation manager serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a query router, result collector, cache manager, and schema interpreter. This multi-functionality consolidates what would otherwise require multiple separate systems into a single coordinated entity, improving query response time while supporting flexible data distribution across geographically dispersed locations.
3Speed
If local databases cache data locally, then query response speed is improved, but data freshness and accuracy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The cache manager (112) periodically refreshes cached data by querying local databases again and updating the cache with fresh results. This periodic refresh mechanism maintains data freshness without requiring continuous access to the original databases, thus preserving fast query response speeds while ensuring data accuracy and currency.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback mechanisms where the cache manager monitors cache validity and receives updates from local databases. When data changes occur or cache expiration times are reached, the feedback loop triggers cache refresh operations. This ensures that cached data remains fresh and accurate while maintaining fast query response, as the feedback mechanism proactively maintains data quality without blocking query processing.
Data Source
AI summary
Several local databases may be linked together to form a large database. Each database may share a common type definition, but may contain only a portion of the large database. When a local database queries information from another database, the result may be stored locally using the type system. Across the entire database, items may be identified as their local or home database along with an identifier provided by that database. Cached information may be stored locally and may refer to the source for that information through the identifier. Once the cached information is present, queries that reference the record may be satisfied by the cached information. The cached information may be refreshed from the source database or may expire to avoid stale or changed data in the cache.