Feedback Energy Cell Using Ferroelectric Superconducting Interfaces
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional energy storage and harvesting technologies, such as thermoelectric generators, face challenges in achieving high efficiency near room temperature due to the difficulty in finding suitable n- and p-semiconductor pairs with optimal charge carrier concentrations, and they rely on temperature gradients, limiting their application and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A feedback cell utilizing a ferroelectric-induced 2D superconductor with high dielectric constant materials, capable of increasing electrical potential difference during discharge and harvesting kinetic energy, operates independently of temperature gradients, leveraging pyroelectric and thermoelectric phenomena to enhance output power and store energy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If thermoelectric generators use conventional n- and p-semiconductor pairs, then energy conversion can be achieved, but efficiency near room temperature is limited due to difficulty in finding suitable material pairs with optimal charge carrier concentrations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental material parameter from conventional semiconductors to ferroelectric materials with high dielectric constants. This parameter change enables the system to achieve high energy conversion efficiency at room temperature without the material selection difficulties associated with finding optimal n- and p-semiconductor pairs, as the ferroelectric material properties can be tuned through compositional variations in the R3-2yMyCl1-xHa1-xO1-zAz family of compounds
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material structures combining ferroelectric materials with high dielectric constants (such as Li3-2yMyClO, Na3-2yMyClO, K3-2yMyClO series) with conductive electrodes. This composite approach enables optimized charge carrier concentrations and improved energy conversion efficiency while simplifying the manufacturing process compared to conventional semiconductor couples
2Productivity
If thermoelectric generators rely on temperature gradients, then energy conversion is enabled, but application flexibility is limited and efficiency is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes the thermal gradient mechanism with an electrostatic field mechanism based on ferroelectric polarization. Instead of requiring temperature differences to drive charge carrier flow, the system uses the spontaneous polarization and high dielectric constant of ferroelectric materials to generate and store electrical energy directly, enabling operation at constant temperature and greatly expanding application flexibility
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operating parameter from temperature-dependent to temperature-independent operation by utilizing the electrostatic properties of ferroelectric materials. The system can now operate at constant temperature while maintaining energy conversion capability, and can be enhanced by temperature gradient or fluctuation when needed, providing adaptability without dependency
3Power
If conventional energy storage cells discharge, then electrical energy is delivered, but the electrical potential difference decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where electrons discharged from the negative electrode tunnel back to the ferroelectric surface, maintaining and even increasing the electrical potential difference during discharge. This feedback loop, involving electron conduction through the external circuit and tunneling back through the ferroelectric interface, allows the system to deliver electrical energy while sustaining high voltage, unlike conventional storage cells where voltage drops during discharge
4Loss of energy
If superconductors are used for energy transmission, then electrical power transmission without loss is achieved, but operation is limited to low temperatures or high pressure conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the operating parameter range by utilizing ferroelectric materials with high dielectric constants that can exhibit superconducting behavior at their surface at or near room temperature. This parameter change allows the system to achieve low-loss energy transmission without requiring the extreme low temperatures or high pressures needed for conventional bulk superconductors
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The feedback cell effectively increases electrical potential difference during discharge and harvests energy at constant temperature, achieving efficient energy storage and conversion without relying on temperature gradients, while also potentiating output power through pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects.
Implementation Method 1
A Ferroelectric material is a material that polarizes spontaneously and whose polarization can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All Ferroelectrics are Pyroelectrics, their natural electrical polarization is reversible.
Implementation Method 2
A Superconductor is a material capable of showing a zero electrical resistance; electrical superconductivity it is, therefore, a property related with electrons.
Implementation Method 3
the electrons tunnel to the negative electrode resulting in the increase of its chemical potential
Implementation Method 4
Electrical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) are formed at the interfaces
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a kinetic energy harvest and electrical energy storage feedback cell that combines the 2-dimensional superconductor behaviour induced by a ferroelectric-metal with a quantum. Hall Effect placed within two conductor/semiconductor materials with different chemical potentials. The feedback corresponding to external and internal conduction and tunnelling of the electrons in the cell allows the electrical potential difference to increase during discharge of the cell with a load. The feedback cell harvests kinetic energy, heat and store electrostatic and electrochemical energy that at room temperature the supercurrent can be induced during several years in feedback and can be used as part of a transistor, a computer, a photovoltaic cell or panel, a wind turbine, a vehicle, a ship, a satellite, an airplane, a remote access circuit, a building, smart grid, electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electric motors and as a part of other several components or products.