Ferrite Shield with Dual Coils for Active EM Attack Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing solutions for protecting electronic components and systems from electromagnetic attacks, fault injection, and side-channel attacks are inadequate as they lack active shielding, integrity monitoring, and effective countermeasures, leading to vulnerabilities in electronic circuits and systems.

Innovation Solution

A device comprising a pulse transformer with a ferrite sheet or layer, transmission and reception coils, and a microcontroller that detects and responds to electromagnetic attacks by generating jamming pulses, while also monitoring the integrity of the ferrite layer and the electronic system, using a combination of magnetic and piezoelectric materials for enhanced protection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If passive shielding layers (copper sheets, ferrite sheets) are applied around the circuit to protect from electromagnetic attacks, then electromagnetic protection is improved, but the protection is ineffective against active attacks and cannot detect or respond to attacks in real-time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectromagnetic protectionVSAvoidprotection effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by embedding integrity sensors and attack detection circuits within the encapsulation structure before the actual attack occurs. These pre-positioned sensors continuously monitor for attack conditions and can trigger countermeasures in real-time, transforming the passive shielding approach into an active protection system that is ready to respond immediately upon detecting an attack attempt.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by incorporating sensors that continuously monitor the encapsulation integrity and attack conditions, then feed this information back to a control system. This feedback mechanism enables real-time detection of attacks and allows the system to respond dynamically by triggering countermeasures such as scrambling operations or activating additional shielding, thereby resolving the contradiction between passive protection and active response capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If dual-coil sensors are used to detect attack probes, then attack detection capability is improved, but the detection coil becomes a secondary source of disruption that may damage or generate faults in the electronic circuit

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveattack detection capabilityVSAvoidcircuit disruption
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the intermediary principle by introducing a magnetic core material (such as ferrite) as a mediator between the detection coil and the electronic circuit. This magnetic core concentrates and guides the magnetic flux generated by the attack probe, enhancing the detection signal while preventing the detection coil itself from generating disruptive electromagnetic fields that could damage the circuit. The magnetic core acts as a buffer that isolates the circuit from harmful electromagnetic effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements local quality by positioning the magnetic core material specifically at strategic locations where attack probes are most likely to approach, rather than uniformly throughout the entire encapsulation. This localized placement optimizes the detection capability at critical points while minimizing the overall electromagnetic disruption to the circuit, thereby resolving the contradiction between detection sensitivity and circuit safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Loss of time

If encapsulation material with random refractive index variations is used to deform electromagnetic pulses, then temporal locality of attacks is decreased, but the protection is solely passive and cannot verify its own integrity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemporal locality of attackVSAvoidintegrity verification
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback by incorporating integrity sensors within the encapsulation material that continuously monitor the material's condition and attack resistance properties. These sensors provide real-time feedback about the encapsulation's integrity status, allowing the system to detect when the material has been compromised by physical or chemical abrasion. This feedback mechanism enables the system to verify its own integrity and respond appropriately, transforming the passive deformation approach into an active monitoring system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies self-service by enabling the encapsulation material to autonomously monitor and report its own integrity status through embedded sensors. The encapsulation structure serves itself by detecting its own degradation or compromise conditions and communicating this information to the system, eliminating the need for external verification systems. This self-monitoring capability resolves the contradiction by allowing the passive material to actively verify its own integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively shields electronic systems from electromagnetic attacks, detects and counters fault injection, and monitors integrity, providing active protection against untimely attempts to listen in or physically access the system, with low power consumption and compact design.

Implementation Method 1

a first sheet or layer based on magnetic ferrite powder, to be applied to at least one surface of the electronic system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

shielding the electronic circuit to be protected with a passive shield obtained by arranging passive, electrically conductive, protective layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic shielding: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 3

a transmission stage connected to the transmission coil and configured to transmit pulses of electrical current to said transmission coil, a reception stage connected to the reception coil and configured to detect at least the peak amplitude of the electrical voltage generated by the electromagnetic force

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 4

at least one film of piezoelectric or pyroelectric material that is polarized in the direction of its thickness

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 5

a film of piezoelectric or pyroelectric material that is polarized in the direction of its thickness, said film being arranged above or below the first ferrite sheet or layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyroelectric effect: Pyroelectric Effect

Implementation Method 6

provision is made neither for shielding, nor for means intended to decrease the amplitude of the magnetic induction, nor for means for monitoring the integrity of the attack-detecting device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic signal generation: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentUS11727158B2Device for protecting and supervising an electronic system comprising at least one electronic component. associated method for protecting and supervising the integrity of the electronic system and of the device, and for jamming attacks
Publication Date: 2023.08.15 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • US11727158B2 patent drawing
  • US11727158B2 patent drawing
  • US11727158B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A device for protecting an electronic system, such as an integrated circuit, the device incorporating a pulse transformer including a ferrite sheet or layer with low magnetic losses that covers a surface of the electronic system and that is encircled by two coils that are located a distance away from each other, one of these coils, the transmission coil, being connected to a transmission stage for transmitting electrical pulses, and the other of these coils, the reception coil, being connected to a reception stage, the whole thing being connected to and controlled by a microcontroller.