Field-Flow Fractionation Device Using AC Electric Field for Bioparticle Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing microfluidic systems for preparative bioparticle separation face challenges in achieving high throughput and separation resolution, particularly when dealing with samples containing components of medium size or a spectrum of components with different sizes.
Innovation Solution
The method employs a field-flow fractionation (FFF) device with an AC power source, a channel with sample inlets and outlets, a flow generator, an actuator, and an array of electrodes. The AC power source generates an AC electric field between adjacent rows of electrodes, while the actuator translocates sample components at an angle, enabling continuous separation of sample components without the need for a separation matrix.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a mechanical sieve is used to separate bioparticles, then separation efficiency is improved for size-distinct particles, but the device complexity increases and clogging occurs frequently
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical sieve structure with an AC electric field-based separation mechanism. The AC electric field exerts dielectrophoretic forces on particles based on their size and electrical properties, eliminating the need for physical sieve structures that clog and require complex maintenance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the separation mechanism from mechanical filtering to electrical field-based separation. By applying AC electric fields with specific frequencies and amplitudes, particles are separated based on their dielectric properties and size without physical contact, avoiding clogging and reducing device complexity.
2Productivity
If field-flow fractionation is used for continuous separation, then throughput is improved, but separation resolution by unit of time decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic AC electric fields applied to arrays of electrodes in a serpentine pattern. This periodic application of electric fields creates oscillating dielectrophoretic forces that enhance particle separation efficiency while maintaining continuous flow, thereby improving separation resolution by unit of time without sacrificing throughput.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the electrode structure into multiple arrays arranged in a serpentine configuration. This segmentation allows different regions to process particles at different stages, enhancing overall separation resolution while maintaining continuous high throughput through the segmented electrode arrays.
3Productivity
If FFF separates components perpendicular to feeding flow, then continuous separation is achieved, but device size must be large
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the third dimension (vertical direction) by applying AC electric fields perpendicular to the horizontal flow direction. This allows separation to occur in the vertical dimension while maintaining a compact horizontal footprint, effectively reducing overall device size while preserving continuous separation capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for continuous separation with high throughput and resolution, is suitable for samples with components of varying sizes, and operates with low power consumption, making it efficient and versatile for microfluidic applications.
Implementation Method 1
operating the AC power source to generate an AC electric field between adjacent rows to set them at different AC potentials
Implementation Method 2
a flow generator, coupled to the channel, for translocating the sample components along the channel in a first direction from the sample inlet to the plurality of sample outlets
Data Source
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AI summary
A method for continuously separating components from a sample, comprising: a. Providing a field-flow fractionation device comprising: i. A channel coupled to a flow generator for translocating the sample components along the channel in a first direction ii. A actuator for translocating the sample components in a second direction, at an angle with the first direction, iii. An array of electrodes electrically or capacitively connected to an AC power source, b. operating the actuator so as to translocate the sample components in a second direction at an angle with the first direction, c. operating the AC power source so as to generate an AC electric field between adjacent rows, d. operating the flow generator, e. collecting sample components from the sample outlets.