Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printing with Anisotropic Orientation Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current three-dimensional printing techniques lack the ability to orient fibers anisotropically, which is necessary to enhance the properties of the finished part, such as strength and durability, as existing methods do not effectively control the direction and orientation of fibers during the additive manufacturing process.

Innovation Solution

A method using a continuous core reinforced filament with a conduit nozzle and extruded resin filament, where the position and orientation of the filament are controlled to deposit fibers in specific directions, allowing for axial compression and compaction to improve the bonding and distribution of fibers within the part, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional three-dimensional printing techniques are used, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the fiber orientation cannot be controlled anisotropically to improve mechanical properties

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical propertiesVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system separates fiber deposition and resin extrusion into distinct functional modules: a fiber delivery system that lays down continuous fibers in specific orientations, and a resin extrusion system that impregnates the fibers. This segmentation enables independent control of fiber orientation while maintaining processability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A conduit nozzle serves as an intermediary component that guides and orients continuous fibers before they are deposited into the resin matrix. The nozzle controls fiber direction and placement, enabling anisotropic reinforcement without requiring complex post-processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If fiber orientation is not controlled, then the manufacturing process is easier, but the finished part has reduced strength and durability

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovedurabilityVSAvoidfiber orientation control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements location-dependent fiber orientation control where fiber direction is optimized for each specific region of the part based on local stress requirements. The conduit nozzle can be positioned and oriented to deposit fibers at optimal angles for strength in different areas of the build volume

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Strength

If axial compression and compaction are applied, then fiber bonding and distribution improve, but the processing becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefiber bondingVSAvoidcompaction mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The compaction function is merged with the extrusion process itself. The extrusion nozzle applies controlled compression to the deposited fiber-resin composite as it is being laid down, consolidating layers and removing voids without requiring a separate compaction stage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the creation of parts with improved strength and reduced voids by ensuring precise fiber orientation and compaction, overcoming the limitations of existing techniques that do not effectively utilize fiber orientation for enhanced mechanical properties.

Implementation Method 1

The ironing tip melts and compacts the fiber reinforced composite filament into densely bonded ranks

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

The conduit nozzle is heated to a temperature sufficient to soften the matrix material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3046749B1Methods for fiber reinforced additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2021.02.17 MARKFORGED INC
  • EP3046749B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3046749B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3046749B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

A three-dimensional geometry is received, and sliced into layers. A first anisotropic fill tool path for controlling a three dimensional printer to deposit a substantially anisotropic fill material is generated defining at least part of an interior of a first layer. A second anisotropic fill tool path for controlling a three dimensional printer to deposit the substantially anisotropic fill material defines at least part of an interior of a second layer. A generated isotropic fill material tool path defines at least part of a perimeter and at least part of an interior of a third layer intervening between the first and second layers.