Optical Fiber Coupling Quality Detection Using Back Reflection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for evaluating and monitoring the coupling quality of laser light into optical fiber units are inadequate, leading to suboptimal adjustments due to power plateaus and inability to assess beam quality accurately.

Innovation Solution

A laser system with a reflective element positioned behind the fiber end face to deflect and couple back reflections into the optical fiber, allowing for precise measurement of coupling quality using a measuring device.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If leakage light detection is used to monitor coupling quality, then power can be measured at the detector, but a power plateau occurs preventing optimal coupling adjustment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling quality assessmentVSAvoidcoupling adjustment accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A reflective element is introduced as an intermediary component to redirect the back reflection from the fiber end face onto a detector. This mediator enables the measurement of coupling quality by converting the otherwise unusable back reflection into a measurable signal that correlates with coupling accuracy, avoiding the power plateau problem of direct leakage light detection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system establishes a feedback loop where the detector measures the back reflection intensity and this information is used to adjust the coupling conditions. The measured back reflection serves as feedback signal that indicates whether optimal coupling is achieved, enabling real-time optimization of the coupling alignment and parameters

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Adaptability or versatility

If cladding light detection is used to assess coupling quality, then high modes propagating in fiber cladding can be detected, but optimal coupling quality assessment is not achieved and it is only relevant for specific laser modes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection applicabilityVSAvoidcoupling quality evaluation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of detecting light that leaks out of the fiber (forward direction), the invention detects light that reflects back into the fiber (backward direction). By measuring the back reflection at the input end rather than detecting cladding light at the output end, the method achieves universal applicability for all laser modes while providing accurate coupling quality assessment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The back reflection serves as a copy or proxy for the coupling quality state. Rather than directly measuring the complex modal distribution in the cladding, the system measures the intensity of back reflected light which replicates the coupling information in a simpler, more universally applicable form that works for all laser modes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables reproducible and accurate assessment of coupling quality, avoiding power plateaus and sensitive detection of deteriorating beam quality, facilitating automatic adjustment and process monitoring.

Implementation Method 1

a reflective element arranged behind the second fiber end face in the propagation direction of the useful light to deflect a reflection of the useful light away from the propagation direction and couple it back into the light-guiding area via the second fiber end face, opposite to the propagation direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

a measuring device arranged in front of the first fiber end face in the propagation direction to detect the reflection of the useful light deflected by the reflective element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical detection: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP4225529B1Laser system with an optical fiber unit and method for evaluating the coupling quality when coupling useful light into an optical fiber unit
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 TRUMPF LASER SE
  • EP4225529B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The invention relates to a laser system (1) comprising - a laser radiation source (3) for emitting useful light, - an optical fiber unit (5) which has an optical fiber (13), said optical fiber (5) having a light guide region (15) designed to guide useful light through the optical fiber (13) and a first fiber end face (25) at one coupling end (21) in the form of a fiber end (17, 19) for coupling laser light into the light guide region (15) and a second fiber end face (27) at a decoupling end (23) in the form of another fiber end (17, 19) for decoupling laser light from the light guide region (15), - a coupling device (7) for coupling useful light into the optical fiber unit (5), - a reflex element (11) which is arranged behind the second fiber end face (27) in the propagation direction of the useful light and which is designed to deflect a reflex of the useful light from the propagation direction and couple same back into the light guide region (15) against the propagation direction via the second fiber end face (27), and - a measuring device (9) which is arranged in front of the first fiber end face (25) in the propagation direction and which is designed to detect the reflex of the useful light deflected by the reflex element (11).