Fiber-Reinforced Mineral Binder Application Method

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current 3D printing methods for cementitious materials face challenges such as slow strength development, air inclusions, inhomogeneity, and fiber clumping, which lead to defects and interruptions in the printing process.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the separation of steps for preparing a water-containing mineral binder composition and mixing an aqueous accelerator, using a continuous mixer with dynamic elements to ensure even distribution and prevent fiber agglomeration, allowing for uninterrupted and homogeneous application of fiber-containing mineral binder compositions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If water is removed from concrete by vacuum before application, then the material becomes rigid and self-supporting, but the installation becomes expensive, complex and the weight of the print head increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedimensional stabilityVSAvoidinstallation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the water removal function from the print head system by using a separate vacuum station located away from the print head. This allows the concrete to be pre-dewatered before application, achieving dimensional stability without adding complexity to the printing system itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The process is segmented into separate stages: concrete preparation with controlled water content, transport to the printing location, and then application. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently, avoiding the need for complex integrated systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Strength

If fibers are added to improve cohesion and strength, then the material properties improve, but the fibers clump together and clog conveying lines

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecohesion and flexural strengthVSAvoidconveying reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

Fibers are pre-distributed into the concrete mixture at the ready-mixed concrete plant before transport. This preliminary action ensures uniform fiber distribution throughout the mixture, preventing clumping during conveying and application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent specifies optimal fiber content ranges (0.4-25 liters per cubic meter) and fiber characteristics (length, diameter, material properties) to balance the benefits of fiber reinforcement with the need to maintain flowability and prevent clogging during conveying.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If fibers are added to improve layer bonding and crack resistance, then the structural properties improve, but the fibers orient in one direction which limits their effectiveness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer bonding and crack resistanceVSAvoidfiber distribution uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs vibration during the application process to randomize fiber orientation. The vibrational energy disrupts fiber alignment that would otherwise occur due to flow direction, ensuring fibers are distributed in multiple orientations for optimal structural performance in all directions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

4Speed

If cement mixture is made very stiff with little water to achieve rapid strength development, then strength development improves, but the mixture can only be conveyed over short distances with high pump pressure and contains defects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength development speedVSAvoidmaterial homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The concrete is pre-mixed with optimized water content and fiber distribution at a ready-mixed plant before transport. This allows the mixture to maintain workability during conveying while achieving the desired strength development characteristics upon application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent specifies optimal water content ranges and fiber dosages that balance the need for rapid strength development with the requirement for adequate flowability during conveying and application, preventing both excessive stiffness and material segregation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables rapid, reliable, and aesthetically pleasing application of fiber-containing mineral binder compositions, ensuring strong, uniform, and crack-resistant layers without interruptions, suitable for large-scale production.

Implementation Method 1

mixing of the aqueous accelerator with the water-containing binder composition takes place in a continuous mixer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMixing: Stirring

Implementation Method 2

Cement achieves its strength by reacting with water in a chemical process known as cement hydration

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCement hydration: Hydrates

Data Source

PatentEP3600811B1Method for applying mineral binder compositions containing fibres
Publication Date: 2023.04.19 SIKA TECH AG
  • EP3600811B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for the application of hydrous mineral binder compositions which contain fibres. An aqueous accelerator is mixed with the aqueous binder composition in a mixer shortly before the application. The method according to the invention is very robust and makes it possible to quickly produce even large moulded bodies having a uniform surface and very good strength development properties.