Field-Deployable PCR Assembly With Integrated Sonication
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing field-deployable PCR test assemblies lack integrated sonication capability for sample preparation and a highly sensitive optical system, requiring lengthy laboratory procedures and skilled technicians for reliable results.
Innovation Solution
A field-deployable PCR test kit with a barrel, piston, ultrasonic transducer, purification column, and optical system, enabling rapid DNA/RNA release, purification, and real-time detection within a compact, lightweight assembly.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional extraction and purification steps are performed in a laboratory before thermocycling, then reliable DNA or RNA extraction is achieved, but the testing process becomes time-consuming and requires specialized laboratory infrastructure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines extraction, purification, and thermocycling steps into a single integrated field-deployable assembly. The barrel contains all necessary components (purification column, ultrasonic transducer, thermocycling chamber) to perform complete PCR testing onsite, eliminating the need for separate laboratory steps and reducing total testing time while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces conventional mechanical extraction methods with ultrasonic cavitation using an ultrasonic transducer. This acoustic field-based approach efficiently releases DNA/RNA from biological samples without requiring complex mechanical extraction equipment, enabling the process to be performed in a portable field assembly
2Reliability
If conventional PCR testing is performed, then accurate results are obtained, but the process requires skilled technicians and specialized laboratory equipment
Solution Approach 1:
The field-deployable assembly is designed to be self-contained with automated components. The ultrasonic transducer automaticallysonicates the sample, the purification column automatically separates DNA/RNA, and the thermocycling chamber automatically performs PCR cycles. This automation reduces the need for skilled technician intervention while maintaining accurate test results
Solution Approach 2:
The single barrel assembly performs multiple functions: it contains the sample, provides ultrasonic sonication, enables purification through the column, and facilitates thermocycling. This multi-functional design consolidates what would traditionally require multiple separate instruments and skilled operators into one portable unit that can be used by technicians with limited experience
3Weight of moving object
If a portable field-deployable assembly is designed, then the system becomes lightweight and portable, but it lacks integrated sonication capability and sensitive optical systems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates the ultrasonic transducer, purification column, and optical detection system into a single portable barrel assembly. These components that would traditionally require separate laboratory equipment are combined in one unit, maintaining portability while adding the necessary sonication and detection capabilities for reliable PCR testing in the field
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables onsite PCR testing in under 30 minutes with high sensitivity and reliability, suitable for technicians with limited experience, reducing preparation time and providing quick results.
Implementation Method 1
An ultrasonic transducer is in communication with the barrel and is configured to provide transient cavitation pressure on the fluid to release DNA or RNA from a biological sample in the fluid
Implementation Method 2
An optical system emits an excitation wavelength of light into the vial and is configured to read fluorescent light that is emitted from the vial which indicates the presence of DNA within the vial
Data Source
AI summary
A field-deployable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test assembly enabling onsite completion of a PCR test in less than thirty minutes includes a barrel to receive a fluid. A piston is insertable into the barrel to seal the fluid within the barrel. An ultrasonic transducer is in communication with the barrel and provides transient cavitation in the fluid to release DNA or RNA from a biological sample in the fluid. A purification column is positioned within the barrel. A manifold is in fluidic communication with the barrel. A quantity of PCR reagents is positioned in a vial that is attachable to the manifold. The piston supplies pressure on the fluid to drive the fluid downwardly through the purification column and the manifold and into the vial. An optical system emits light into the vial and reads fluorescent light that indicates the presence of a target DNA within the vial.