Integrated Filter Cap for DNA Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
The processing of raw biological samples for DNA extraction requires multiple vessels, leading to inefficiencies, increased costs, and a higher risk of contamination due to the need for multiple biochemical analysis steps and sample transfers.
Innovation Solution
A modular device and kit system that integrates multiple processing steps into a single unit, utilizing a filter cap and tube kit with buffer solution and lyophilized master mix, allowing for inline sample processing, pulverization, and denaturation within a single vessel to minimize sample handling and contamination.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple separate vessels are used for different biochemical analysis steps, then each step can be performed with dedicated equipment, but the process becomes time-consuming and increases contamination risk
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple separate vessels into a single integrated multi-chamber device. The extraction device includes a first chamber for sample disruption, a second chamber for DNA extraction, and a third chamber for analysis, all connected to allow sequential processing without sample transfer. This merging eliminates contamination risks associated with transferring samples between vessels while maintaining the functional separation needed for different biochemical steps.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated device is segmented into distinct functional chambers separated by filters and membranes. Each chamber performs a specific function: the first chamber disrupts samples mechanically, the second chamber extracts DNA using chemical reagents, and the third chamber prepares samples for analysis. This segmentation allows each step to be optimized independently while preventing cross-contamination through physical barriers.
2Productivity
If multiple vessels are used for sample processing, then each biochemical step can be optimized independently, but the transfer of samples between vessels increases time and cost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates multiple processing chambers into a single device that allows continuous sample processing. The connected chambers enable the sample to move sequentially through disruption, extraction, and preparation steps without removal or transfer between separate vessels, eliminating the time loss associated with manual sample handling while maintaining independent optimization of each processing step.
3Reliability
If multiple surfaces and transfer steps are introduced, then sample processing can be more thorough, but the risk of contamination and errors increases
Solution Approach 1:
The device uses segmented chambers separated by filters and semi-permeable membranes that allow selective passage of molecules while blocking contaminants. The first chamber separates debris from lysate using a filter, the second chamber uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate DNA from other cellular components, and the third chamber provides a controlled environment for final sample preparation. This segmentation maintains thorough processing while minimizing contamination through controlled interfaces.
4Extent of automation
If manual sample transfer between vessels is required, then flexibility in processing is maintained, but automation becomes difficult and user involvement increases
Solution Approach 1:
The integrated multi-chamber device is designed as a single automated unit that can be loaded with sample and reagents once, then processed through all steps without user intervention. The connected chambers with integrated filters and membranes allow the system to automatically progress through disruption, extraction, and preparation steps, enabling full automation while simplifying user operation to a single loading action.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces the need for multiple vessels, enhances efficiency by automating the extraction process, and minimizes contamination risks, thereby improving the reliability and speed of DNA extraction from biological samples.
Implementation Method 1
filtering the biological sample and buffer solution mixture with the filter cap as it flows from the first tube to the second tube
Implementation Method 2
the first connection portion of the filter cap is configured to be positioned in a cavity in the first tube to form at least a partial mechanical seal with the first tube
Implementation Method 3
a first adhesive on the first side of the center portion of the filter cap around the first connection portion, where the first adhesive is configured to form a seal between the filter cap and the first tube
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the invention provide a filter kit including filters for processing a biological sample. Some embodiments include a filter cap in a tube kit with a first tube containing a buffer solution and a second tube containing a lyophilized master mix. Some embodiments include a method of processing a sample using the kit including mixing a biological sample in a first tube with the buffer solution, positioning the filter cap in the first tube, positioning a second tube on the filter cap, flipping the first tube, the filter cap, and the second cap to filter the biological sample and buffer solution mixture with the filter cap as it flows from the first tube to the second tube. Some embodiments include structure enabling transfer of materials through inline flow between the tubes. Some further embodiments include integrated structure for sample pulverization with integrated buffer and lyophilized master mix.