Filtered Engine Lubricant Particle Analysis for Early Wear Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional engine diagnostics methods, such as optical atomic spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, struggle with repeatability and fail to characterize particles smaller than 5 µm, leading to inadequate early detection of engine failures, necessitating frequent and costly sampling.

Innovation Solution

A computer-implemented method and system for analyzing lubricating fluid samples using chemical composition, geometric parameters, and mass of particles to diagnose engine conditions, enabling detection of wear mechanisms and failure prediction by categorizing particles into defined categories and comparing with historical data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If optical atomic spectroscopy is used for elemental analysis, then the method can detect wear material in oil, but it lacks repeatability among different equipment and cannot characterize individual particles

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproverepeatabilityVSAvoidparticle characterization information
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the oil sample analysis into two distinct parts: (1) separation of individual particles from the bulk oil using filtration, and (2) individual characterization of each particle using SEM imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. This segmentation allows each particle to be analyzed independently, eliminating the averaging effect that causes repeatability issues in bulk spectroscopy while preserving detailed particle characterization information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary filtration step that isolates individual wear particles from the oil matrix. This intermediary process enables subsequent high-precision imaging and spectroscopic analysis of each particle separately, serving as a bridge between bulk oil sampling and individual particle characterization, thereby improving both repeatability and information retention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If conventional methods focus on particles greater than 5 μm, then analysis is simpler, but premature wear detection is inadequate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveearly detection capabilityVSAvoidanalysis complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the size parameter threshold for particle inclusion from the conventional 5 μm minimum to include much smaller particles down to 0.003 μm. This parameter change enables detection of early wear indicators that are too small to be detected by conventional methods, significantly improving early detection capability while the automated analysis system manages the increased data complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of information

If SEM is used to characterize individual particles, then detailed wear mode information is obtained, but the method is unsuitable for routine monitoring

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear mode informationVSAvoidroutine monitoring suitability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary automated actions including automatic particle filtration, automated SEM imaging of all captured particles, and automated X-ray spectroscopy analysis. By pre-establishing automated workflows for particle collection and characterization, the system makes detailed wear mode analysis feasible for routine monitoring without requiring manual intervention at each step, thereby resolving the contradiction between detailed information and routine applicability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates digital copies of particle images and spectroscopic data for each wear particle. These digital copies can be stored, analyzed, and compared over time without requiring repeated physical examination, enabling detailed wear mode characterization to be performed efficiently on archived samples and making the method suitable for routine monitoring programs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables advanced detection of premature wear and failure mechanisms in engines, allowing for timely maintenance and reducing the frequency of sampling, thus improving operational efficiency and reducing costs.

Implementation Method 1

particles filtered from sample of used lubricating fluid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiltration: Filter (physical)

Implementation Method 2

optical atomic spectroscopy (e.g., atomic emission spectroscopy (AES))

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtomic emission spectroscopy: Absorption Spectroscopy

Implementation Method 3

atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtomic absorption spectroscopy: Absorption Spectroscopy

Implementation Method 4

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped to perform X-ray spectroscopy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray spectroscopy: X-Ray

Data Source

PatentEP3179392B1Method and system for diagnosing a condition of an engine using lubrication fluid analysis
Publication Date: 2025.09.03 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP3179392B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3179392B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3179392B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and systems for diagnosing a condition of an engine based on lubrication fluid analysis are disclosed. One embodiment of the methods comprises: receiving input data (128) representative of a respective geometric parameter and a respective chemical composition for a plurality of particles (124) filtered from a sample of fluid (126) obtained from the engine; generating data representative of a mass of material of a chemical composition category in one or more of the particles (124); comparing the mass of material of the chemical composition category with reference data (134); and generating output data (130) representative of a diagnosis of the condition of the engine.