Fine Fat Particles Replace Emulsifiers in Bakery Dough

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Solution Overview

Problem

There is a need for cost-effective alternatives to emulsifiers in bakery products that can maintain or improve the beneficial properties of emulsifiers without using E-numbered additives, as consumers prefer 'clean label' products and emulsifiers are expensive.

Innovation Solution

A particulate bakery ingredient mix containing very small fat particles, with at least 65% triglycerides, is used to replace or reduce emulsifiers, improving dough handling, gas retention, and anti-staling properties in farinaceous products.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If emulsifiers are used to improve dough handling and gas retention, then product quality is improved, but production cost increases due to expensive additives

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedough handling and gas retentionVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the particle size parameter of fat from conventional larger particles to fine particles with D90 ≤ 150 μm. This parameter change enables fat particles to function as emulsifier substitutes by improving dispersion and interfacial activity, thereby maintaining dough handling and gas retention properties while using cheaper fat instead of expensive emulsifiers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces expensive emulsifiers with cheaper fat particles that can be produced from common vegetable oils through simple processing. The fine fat particles serve as a cost-effective alternative that maintains the functional benefits of emulsifiers without the high cost associated with commercial emulsifier additives

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Adaptability or versatility

If emulsifiers are used to achieve clean label products, then consumer preference is met, but product cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclean label complianceVSAvoidproduct cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses common vegetable oils processed into fine particles as a substitute for commercial emulsifiers. These fat particles are generally recognized as safe and do not require E-number labeling, enabling clean label compliance while being more cost-effective than specialized emulsifier additives

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

By changing the particle size of fat to fine particles (D90 ≤ 150 μm), the patent enables ordinary fat to perform emulsifier functions. This parameter change allows common ingredients to replace specialized additives, achieving clean label compliance without the cost and labeling requirements of commercial emulsifiers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If fat particles are reduced to very fine size to replace emulsifiers, then emulsifier functionality is achieved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemulsifier replacement functionalityVSAvoidparticle size control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies a particle size parameter (D90 ≤ 150 μm) that balances functionality and manufacturability. This parameter is fine enough to provide emulsifier-like performance through improved dispersion and interfacial activity, yet coarse enough to be produced using conventional milling and classification equipment without requiring sophisticated nanotechnology

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The use of fine fat particles achieves improved dough handling, increased product volume, and finer structure in baked goods, similar to the effects of emulsifiers, allowing for partial or complete replacement without impairing quality.

Implementation Method 1

improving the dispersion of shortening/fat throughout a dough or batter

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDispersion: Dispersion (of waves)

Implementation Method 2

Emulsifiers may be used to reduce the interfacial tension between lipid/water interfaces in doughs or batters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface tension reduction: Surface Tension

Implementation Method 3

fat crystals develop a crystal-water interface as they emerge from droplets of shortening and that they then adsorb to the gas-liquid interface of bubbles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 4

emulsifiers are capable of forming complexes with starch resulting in improved freshness, softness and improved anti-staling properties

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectComplex formation: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP3169159B1Particulate bakery ingredient mix comprising fat particles
Publication Date: 2020.12.02 CSM BAKERY SOLUTIONS EURO HLDG BV

AI summary

The invention provides a method for the preparation of a farinaceous mixture by mixing together the following ingredients: 100 parts by weight of a farinaceous component selected from flour, cereals, starch and combinations thereof; 0.01-10 parts by weight of fat particles in the form of powder, said fat particles containing at least 65 wt.% of triglycerides; at least 30 parts by weight of one or more aqueous ingredients to provide 10-50 % water by weight of the farinaceous mixture; and 0-100 parts by weight of one or more other ingredients; wherein at least 50 vol.% of the fat particles has a diameter in the range of 1-50 μm. The application of very fine fat particles has unexpected beneficial effects on farinaceous products that are similar to those that can be obtained by adding emulsifiers. The fat powder can therefore be used as a partial or complete replacement for emulsifiers in farinaceous products such as, for example, bread. The invention further provides bakery ingredient mixes and uncooked farinaceous products containing the aforementioned fat particles.