FIR-IIR Filter Architecture for Low-Latency Signal Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Digital signal processing systems face significant latency issues due to the conversion between analog and digital forms, which limits their performance in feedback control systems and other applications, especially where low latency is crucial for accurate signal processing and noise cancellation.
Innovation Solution
A system and method utilizing a combination of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) elements to process signals, where the FIR element mitigates the latency of the IIR element, allowing for reduced overall latency in digital signal processing without the need for high over-sampling ratios and maintaining adaptive filtering capabilities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If digital signal processing is used to process signals, then signal processing accuracy is improved, but signal latency increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the filter into two distinct parts: an IIR section for computational efficiency and an FIR section for latency compensation. This segmentation allows each part to perform its specialized function optimally, resolving the contradiction between processing accuracy and latency by distributing these functions across separate filter components.
Solution Approach 2:
The FIR filter acts as an intermediary element that compensates for the latency introduced by the IIR filter. By inserting this intermediate compensation stage, the system maintains the computational benefits of IIR filtering while eliminating its detrimental latency effect through the FIR counterbalance.
2Productivity
If IIR filtering is used to reduce computational load, then processing efficiency is improved, but signal latency increases
Solution Approach 1:
The filter is segmented into an IIR component that handles the heavy computational lifting efficiently and an FIR component that specifically addresses the latency issue. This division allows the system to maintain high processing efficiency while independently managing and reducing signal latency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful latency effect of IIR filtering into a manageable parameter by designing an FIR section with equal latency that can be precisely compensated. What was originally a detrimental side effect becomes a controllable design parameter that can be balanced and eliminated through the combined filter structure.
3Productivity
If decimation and interpolation are used to reduce computational load, then processing efficiency is improved, but signal latency increases
Solution Approach 1:
The decimation and interpolation operations are segmented and integrated into the overall FIR/IIR filter structure. By organizing these operations as distinct stages within the segmented filter architecture, the system achieves computational efficiency while the FIR compensation section ensures latency is managed and minimized.
Data Source
AI summary
A system and method for processing a signal with a filter employing FIR and/or IIR elements. The required controller function is decomposed into primary FIR and/or IIR elements and a compensation filter is provided to address the latency in the primary elements, which would result in undesired operation of the filter. Several configurations of suitable filters are discussed, including multi-rate filters and filters with reduced power requirements.