Fire evacuation room
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Solution Overview
Problem
In high-rise buildings, individuals unable to evacuate during fires face challenges due to smoke-filled emergency exits and a lack of knowledge on using evacuation equipment, particularly those with mobility issues, such as patients, pregnant women, children, and the disabled, who struggle to access safe zones.
Innovation Solution
A fire evacuation room is designed with an air intake and discharge system that maintains a differential pressure, includes a compulsive air discharge fan to block smoke, and integrates an oxygen generation system to ensure a safe breathing environment, allowing for safe refuge until rescue teams arrive.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If emergency exits are installed for evacuation, then evacuation paths are provided, but smoke fills the emergency exits making them unusable
Solution Approach 1:
The emergency evacuation system is divided into multiple independent pathways: pressurized stairwells, fire evacuation rooms with separate air supply, and multiple discharge points. This segmentation ensures that if one path becomes smoke-filled, other paths remain functional for evacuation.
Solution Approach 2:
A pressurized air system acts as an intermediary barrier between the smoke-filled environment and the evacuation pathways. The pressurized air in stairwells and fire evacuation rooms creates a protective buffer that prevents smoke infiltration while maintaining clear evacuation routes.
2Adaptability or versatility
If descenders are installed for evacuation, then evacuation equipment is provided, but very few people know how to use them so evacuation is rarely achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The fire evacuation room is designed to be self-contained with automatic air supply systems, oxygen generation capabilities, and pre-positioned supplies. The system serves itself by automatically maintaining pressurization and providing breathable air without requiring complex user intervention or specialized knowledge.
Solution Approach 2:
All necessary evacuation resources are prepared in advance within the fire evacuation room including pressurized air supplies, oxygen generation systems, and emergency provisions. This preliminary preparation eliminates the need for complex real-time decision-making or equipment operation during the emergency.
3Reliability
If fire evacuation rooms are installed indoors, then safe refuge space is provided, but air supply must be carefully controlled to prevent smoke entry and ensure breathable air
Solution Approach 1:
The air supply system incorporates pressure sensors and air quality monitors that continuously feedback to the control system. This feedback mechanism automatically adjusts air intake and discharge rates to maintain optimal pressurization and air quality, simplifying the control process while ensuring reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically changes operational parameters such as air intake rate, discharge fan speed, and oxygen generation level based on real-time conditions. By adjusting these parameters in response to environmental conditions, the system maintains safe refuge conditions without requiring overly complex control mechanisms.
4Productivity
If air intake and discharge pipes are installed, then air circulation is enabled, but differential pressure control is needed to compensate for leaks and prevent air shortage
Solution Approach 1:
The system pre-establishes differential pressure through controlled air intake that exceeds discharge rates. This preliminary pressurization creates a buffer that automatically compensates for minor leaks and maintains stable air supply without requiring continuous active correction.
Solution Approach 2:
Pressure sensors continuously monitor the differential pressure between the fire evacuation room and the exterior environment. This feedback enables the control system to adjust air intake and discharge rates to maintain optimal pressure differential, ensuring both efficiency and reliability of air supply.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system ensures a safe and breathable environment within the evacuation room by maintaining differential pressure, blocking smoke and heat, and providing oxygen, thereby enhancing the safety of individuals unable to evacuate externally during a fire.
Implementation Method 1
a predetermined differential pressure is constantly produced in an evacuation space by suitably controlling the amount of air entering the evacuation space and the amount of air leaving the evacuation space
Implementation Method 2
a predetermined differential pressure is constantly produced in an evacuation space by suitably controlling the amount of air entering the evacuation space and the amount of air leaving the evacuation space
Implementation Method 3
a compulsive air discharge fan installed on an inner rear wall of the evacuation room main body while facing the entrance, and turned ON/OFF in conjunction with an opening/closing operation of a door to block external smoke or heat from entering the evacuation space when the door is opened
Data Source
AI summary
A fire evacuation room includes a main body having an entrance and an evacuation space, a door installed in the entrance, an air intake pipe connected to a rear portion of a ceiling of the main body to induce air entering the evacuation space, an air discharge pipe connected to a front portion of the ceiling to induce air exiting the evacuation space, an air discharge fan installed on an inner rear wall of the main body while facing the entrance and turned ON/OFF in conjunction with an opening/closing of the door, a lamp installed on the ceiling, a control box installed inside the main body, a sub-air intake pipe branching from one side of the air intake pipe, and an oxygen generator connected to the sub-air intake pipe and configured to receive the air and generate oxygen, the oxygen being supplied into the main body.