Handheld Fire Extinguisher Nozzle Two-Phase Bubble Stream
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing handheld fire extinguishing equipment faces challenges with non-uniform distribution of air and water droplets, high hydraulic resistance, and complex mixture regulation, leading to inefficient fire extinguishing, particularly in small and portable devices.
Innovation Solution
A handheld fire extinguishing equipment with a firefighting nozzle connected to a high-pressure water pump and electric engine, featuring a mixing chamber with first and second suction orifices for ambient air intake, a conical inlet nozzle, and an outlet channel with variable sections to generate a two-phase bubble-structured stream with controlled volume concentration of air and water droplets.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If a pneumatic spray nozzle with collector for liquid and gas supply is used, then the stream can be generated, but the distribution of air and water droplets concentration is non-uniform in the cross-sectional area
Solution Approach 1:
The mixing chamber is divided into multiple zones with different air-to-water ratios, allowing each zone to contribute differently to the final mixture. This segmentation enables uniform distribution of droplets and gas throughout the cross-section by preventing localized concentration imbalances that would occur in a single-chamber design.
2Productivity
If the volume flow rate of gaseous phase is increased to improve extinguishing effectiveness, then the stream intensity increases, but the equipment size and weight increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system utilizes pneumatic principles to generate a two-phase stream by mixing pressurized gas with liquid through specially designed mixing chambers and nozzle structures. This pneumatic-hydraulic approach allows efficient extinguishing performance while maintaining compact dimensions, avoiding the need for large heavy-duty compressors or pumps that would be required in conventional single-phase systems.
3Productivity
If hydraulic resistance is reduced to improve flow rate, then the water consumption increases, but the stream intensity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the physical parameters of the extinguishing medium by creating a two-phase mixture of gas and liquid droplets. This parameter change allows the system to achieve high flow rates with reduced water consumption because the gas phase provides additional momentum and extinguishing capability, reducing the reliance on water alone for both flow generation and fire suppression.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The equipment produces a strong, direct, and portable two-phase bubble-structured stream that effectively extinguishes fires with minimal water consumption and easy operation, achieving a reach of up to 25 meters and speeds of 36 m/s, suitable for small to medium-sized fires.
Implementation Method 1
a handheld fire extinguishing equipment for the formation of a two-phase bubble-structured stream which comprises of a firefighting nozzle and high-pressure water pump
Implementation Method 2
Air and pressurized water are first led into a mixing chamber, and are mixed in the mixing chamber into a two-phase flow of air and droplets of water
Implementation Method 3
In the outlet elements a two-phase bubble-structured stream of droplets of water and bubbles of air is generated, with droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 300 μm
Data Source
AI summary
Small and light handheld fire extinguishing equipment with an accumulator battery (4) and a high-pressure water pump (2). The fire extinguishing equipment has a firefighting nozzle (1) suctioning on a regulated basis the outside atmospheric air through first suction orifices (14), using a regulator (13) into a mixing chamber (12), and through second suction orifices (17) into an adapter (9). The mixing chamber (12) is connected on one end to a conical inlet nozzle (19) for the supply of pressurized water from the high-pressure water pump (2), and on the opposite end to an outlet channel (20), linked to an outlet chamber (22), fitted with an outlet partition (23) with outlet orifices (24). The outlet chamber (22) is linked to the outlet channel (20), which has its variable sections symmetrically rotationally aligned to the longitudinal axis (21) of the firefighting nozzle (1). The sections of the outlet channel (20) are selected from a group, including the shapes of a truncated cone, composed truncated cones, rotating ellipsoid, rotating paraboloid and rotating hyperboloid. The two-phase flow of air and water behind the mixing chamber (12) on the inlet into the outlet channel (20) has a volume structure of air with drops of water, where the volume concentration of air is higher than 0.523; the two-phase bubble-structured flow on the outlet from the widened end part of the outlet channel (20) has a volume structure of droplets of water and bubbles of air, where the volume concentration of air is lower than 0.523. The pressure of pressurized water, inletting into the inlet nozzle (19), is 2 MPa. The extinguishing stream on the outlet (7) of adapter (9) of the fire extinguishing equipment has an outlet speed of up to 36 m·s−1 and a reach up to 25 m. The high-pressure water pump (2) at 10 000 revolutions per minute, has a displacement on the outlet (26) from the pump (2) of 1 liter of pressurized water per 1 second at the pressure of 2 MPa and power of the electric engine (3) of 3.5 KW and voltage of 60 V. · this pressurized water suctions on a regulated basis the ambient atmospheric air without pressure through the first suction orifices (14) into the mixing chamber (12), in which air and water get mixed into the mixture of a two-phase flow of air and drops of water: · the obtained stream of air and drops of water behind the mixing chamber (12) gets reformed into a two-phase bubble-structured flow of droplets of water and bubbles of air by passing through the indent sections of outlet elements of the firefighting nozzle (1): where · into the outlet adapter (9) outside air is suctioned on a regulated basis through the outlet orifices (24) of the outlet partition (23); and · the generated two-phase flow of a turbulent character and bubble structure of dispersed drops of sizes 10 to 300 pm comes out of the outlet (7) from the firefighting nozzle (1) of the fire extinguishing equipment to the place of fire at the speed of up to 36 m·s−1 and maximum reach up to 25 m. The high-pressure water pump (2) at 10 000 revolutions per minute, has a displacement on the outlet (26) from the pump (2) of 1 liter of pressurized water per 1 second at the pressure of 2 MPa and power of the electric engine (3) of 3.5 KW and voltage of 60 V.