Aqueous Fire Extinguishing Agent Segmentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing throw-type fire extinguishing agents have pH values exceeding the specified range, leading to excessive escape of ammonia during preparation, which reduces effective components and affects fire extinguishing efficiency, and they lack effective penetration and water retention properties.
Innovation Solution
An aqueous fire extinguishing agent is divided into composition A (fortified water with flame retardants, wetting agents, and colloids) and composition B (regulator), with controlled pH values to prevent ammonia escape and enhance fire extinguishing efficiency, using a mixture of carbonamide, ammonium chloride, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, alkyl polyglycoside, and polyacrylamide, and sodium hydroxide to achieve a pH of 9.0, facilitating faster fire suppression and preventing fire spread.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the pH value of the aqueous fire extinguishing agent is increased to improve fire extinguishing efficiency, then the free ammonia content increases, but ammonia escapes more easily during mechanical stirring, reducing effective components
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing agent is divided into two separate compositions: Composition A (fortified water with flame retardants) and Composition B (regulator with sodium hydroxide). This segmentation allows Composition A to be prepared at a controlled pH of 7.0-7.5 where ammonia escape is minimized, while Composition B is added later to achieve the final pH of 9.0 needed for fire extinguishing efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
Composition A is prepared in advance with a controlled pH of 7.0-7.5 to prevent ammonia escape during the preparation process. The mechanical stirring is performed at this lower pH where ammonia escape is minimal. Only after this preliminary preparation is Composition B added to achieve the final pH of 9.0.
2Loss of substance
If the pH value is controlled at 7.0-7.5 during preparation to prevent ammonia escape, then effective components are retained, but the fire extinguishing speed may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The preparation process is segmented into two stages: first preparing Composition A at pH 7.0-7.5 to retain ammonium salts, then adding Composition B to raise the pH to 9.0 to accelerate fire extinguishing. This segmentation resolves the contradiction by separating the retention function from the speed function.
Solution Approach 2:
The useful action continues in two phases: first preserving ammonium salts through controlled pH during preparation, then activating fire extinguishing through pH adjustment. Both phases are necessary and continuous in achieving the overall fire extinguishing effect.
3Stability of the object's composition
If mechanical stirring is performed to mix the solution, then homogeneity is improved, but ammonia escapes at higher pH values, reducing effective components
Solution Approach 1:
The mechanical stirring is performed as a preliminary action at pH 7.0-7.5 where ammonia escape is minimal. This ensures homogeneous mixing is achieved before the pH is raised to 9.0, avoiding ammonia loss during the mixing process.
Solution Approach 2:
The mixing process is segmented: first mixing Composition A at low pH to achieve homogeneity, then adding Composition B to adjust pH. This segmentation allows mechanical stirring to occur at the optimal pH for minimizing ammonia escape.
4Reliability
If the proportion of ammonium salt is increased to improve fire extinguishing efficiency, then free ammonia content increases, but ammonia escape during preparation reduces effective components
Solution Approach 1:
The ammonium salt-containing Composition A is prepared separately at controlled pH 7.0-7.5 to prevent ammonia escape, then combined with Composition B. This segmentation allows high ammonium salt content to be maintained while minimizing preparation-related losses.
Solution Approach 2:
The pH parameter is changed from 7.0-7.5 during preparation to 9.0 after mixing Composition B. This parameter change prevents ammonia escape during preparation while enabling high free ammonia content for fire extinguishing efficiency after mixing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution ensures high ammonium salt retention during preparation, accelerates fire extinguishing by utilizing high free ammonia levels, effectively penetrates combustibles, retains water, and inhibits fire spread, while being environmentally friendly and low in toxicity.
Implementation Method 1
the composition B is a sodium hydroxide NaOH solution... a pH value of the working fluid is about 9.0
Implementation Method 2
the wetting agent is an alkyl polyglycoside APG0810... play roles of penetration, water retention
Implementation Method 3
the colloid is a polyacrylamide PAM solution... play roles of penetration, water retention and inhibition
Data Source
AI summary
An aqueous fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof are provided, which are used for making a throw-type fire extinguisher. The aqueous fire extinguishing agent is composed of two compositions of A and B. The composition A is a fortified water added with a flame retardant (e.g., one or more of ammonium chloride, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate), a wetting agent (e.g., alkyl polyglycoside) and a colloid (e.g., polyacrylamide solution). The composition B is a regulator. After the composition A and the composition B are mixed, a discharge rate/speed of fire extinguishing substances is increased, so that an escape passage/route can be opened up quickly.