Fire Extinguishing Liquid Composition for Cold-Climate Battery Fires
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fire extinguishing liquids face challenges in effectiveness across various fire types, particularly in cold climates due to freezing and nozzle clogging, and are inefficient in terms of salt usage and manufacturing costs.
Innovation Solution
A fire extinguishing liquid composition comprising phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, or dihydrogen phosphate salts, and sulfate salts, with minimal or no hydrogen carbonate salts, optimized for lower salt quantities and enhanced performance, including the use of propylene glycol to prevent freezing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional fire extinguishing liquids are used in cold climates, then fire suppression capability is maintained, but the liquid freezes and causes safety risks and nozzle clogging
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the fire extinguishing liquid by using specific ratios of potassium acetate (5-15 wt%), sodium acetate (10-30 wt%), and lithium acetate (5-20 wt%), which modifies the freezing point and solubility characteristics to prevent freezing in cold climates while maintaining fire suppression effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite salt solution combining multiple acetate salts (potassium, sodium, and lithium acetates) with complementary properties, where each salt contributes different characteristics that together prevent freezing and maintain effectiveness across a wide temperature range without causing nozzle clogging
2Reliability
If higher salt quantities are used to improve fire extinguishing effectiveness, then fire suppression performance is enhanced, but manufacturing costs and transport economy worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the concentration parameters of salt components within specific ranges (potassium acetate 5-15 wt%, sodium acetate 10-30 wt%, lithium acetate 5-20 wt%), achieving effective fire suppression while minimizing salt quantity to reduce manufacturing costs and improve transport economy
Solution Approach 2:
The invention assigns different functional roles to specific salt components at optimized concentrations, where lithium acetate provides cold temperature performance, potassium acetate enhances fire suppression, and sodium acetate maintains solution stability, allowing each component to contribute efficiently without excessive quantities
3Ease of operation
If a single fire extinguishing liquid is designed, then simplicity of use is improved, but effectiveness across multiple fire types deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention designs a universal fire extinguishing liquid composition with a balanced mixture of acetate salts that can effectively suppress multiple fire types (Class A solid combustibles, Class B flammable liquids, Class C flammable gases, and Class F cooking oils) while maintaining simplicity of use as a single liquid formulation
Solution Approach 2:
The composite acetate salt solution combines the fire suppression capabilities of different salt types, creating a multi-functional liquid that addresses various fire chemistries simultaneously, enabling one liquid to handle diverse fire scenarios from solid combustibles to flammable liquids and gases
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides effective fire extinguishing across multiple fire types, including lithium ion battery fires, with reduced salt usage, lower manufacturing costs, and operational effectiveness in colder temperatures.
Implementation Method 1
the use of propylene glycol to prevent freezing
Implementation Method 2
it must be effective at suppressing and extinguishing fires. This can be achieved in a number of ways... The components contained in the fire extinguishing liquid are selected to maximize its effectiveness
Data Source
AI summary
A fire extinguishing liquid is described which includes one or more of a phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate salt; and a sulphate salt. The fire extinguishing liquid contains no, or substantially no, hydrogen carbonate salts. The liquid finds use in the extinguishment of fires, including battery fires.