Fire-Resistant Mosaic Tesserae Coating
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Solution Overview
Problem
Mosaic tesserae coatings lack sufficient fire resistance and abrasion resistance for safe use in public buildings, and existing coatings compromise transparency for improved safety features.
Innovation Solution
A transparent polyurethane resin coating formulation comprising monomeric aliphatic isocyanate, polyol, diol, nano-additives for abrasion and flame resistance, and phosphorus-based plasticizers, which provides enhanced flame retardancy, abrasion resistance, and maintains high transmittance, suitable for use in mosaic tesserae.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a transparent resin coating is applied to mosaic tesserae, then protection and gloss are improved, but fire resistance is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining transparent resin with fire-retardant additives to create a coating that maintains transparency while achieving fire resistance. The formulation integrates multiple components including resin, fire retardants, and other functional additives to produce a composite coating material that simultaneously provides protection, gloss, and fire safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes by modifying the chemical composition and physical properties of the coating material. By adjusting the formulation parameters such as resin type, additive concentrations, and curing conditions, the coating achieves both high transparency and fire resistance, transforming the material properties to meet dual requirements.
2Reliability
If fire resistance is improved in the coating, then safety is enhanced, but transparency is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses parameter changes by carefully selecting and adjusting the chemical composition parameters of the coating formulation. By choosing specific fire-retardant additives with appropriate transparency characteristics and optimizing their concentrations, the coating maintains high light transmission while achieving fire resistance. The refractive index and particle size of additives are controlled to minimize impact on transparency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring that the fire-retardant properties are distributed uniformly throughout the transparent coating matrix. The additives are dispersed at the molecular or nanoscale level within the resin, providing fire protection throughout the material without creating visible particles or reducing optical clarity, thus achieving localized fire resistance within the transparent structure.
3Strength
If abrasion resistance is improved in the coating, then durability is enhanced, but transparency may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by incorporating abrasion-resistant additives into the transparent resin coating. The formulation combines resin with hard particles or reinforcing agents that provide scratch and wear resistance while maintaining optical clarity. The composite structure allows the coating to withstand mechanical wear without compromising transparency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The coating achieves Class B fire resistance and improved abrasion resistance while maintaining over 80% transmittance in the visible spectrum, ensuring prolonged flame resistance and adequate evacuation time in public buildings without compromising transparency.
Implementation Method 1
said coating layer having a fire resistance of at least CLASS B according to standard EN-ISO 11925... comprises: from 10 to 30 parts of monomeric aliphatic isocyanate, from 30 to 60 parts of polyol, from 10 to 30 parts of diol, from 0.5 to 3 parts of nano-additive for abrasion resistance, from 1 to 3 parts of nano-additive for flame resistance
Implementation Method 2
improved abrasion resistance... from 0.5 to 3 parts of nano-additive for abrasion resistance
Implementation Method 3
transmittance of radiation with a wavelength between about 400 and about 800 nm equal to at least 80%
Data Source
AI summary
Mosaic tesserae comprising a substrate having a visible face covered with a coating layer of transparent material are provided. This coating layer has a fire resistance of at least CLASS B according to standard EN ISO 11925, improved abrasion resistance and transmittance of radiation with a wavelength between about 400 and about 800 nm equal to at least 80%. Methods of making mosaic tesserae which exhibit these features are also provided.