Fire Resistant Wood Door Framework Using Expanding Intumescent Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing hardwood-based doors for fire safety are expensive, scarce, and environmentally unsustainable, as they require hardwood frameworks and additional fire-resistant materials, limiting their accessibility and environmental impact.
Innovation Solution
A door framework composed of at least three wood layers and two fire prevention layers, where the fire prevention material expands significantly with heat, forming a protective carbon layer that enhances fire resistance without the need for hardwood, allowing for the use of less expensive non-hardwood materials like pinewood and MDF.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hardwood building elements are used for fire resistant doors, then fire resistance standards are met, but material cost increases and environmental sustainability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining multiple wood layers with fire prevention layers containing fire retardant substances. This composite structure achieves fire resistance standards without relying on expensive hardwood, using instead a combination of regular wood and fire protective materials that together provide the required fire protection while being more sustainable and cost-effective.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the wood by impregnating it with fire retardant substances. This chemical treatment modifies the wood's properties to resist fire, allowing regular wood to achieve fire resistance equivalent to or exceeding hardwood, thereby eliminating the need for scarce hardwood materials.
2Reliability
If hardwood is used for door frameworks, then fire resistance is achieved, but production cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive hardwood with cheaper wood materials that are treated with fire retardants. The base wood can be more economical varieties, and through chemical impregnation with fire prevention substances, it achieves the necessary fire resistance, significantly reducing material costs while meeting safety standards.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition of the wood by adding fire retardant compounds during the manufacturing process. This parameter change transforms ordinary wood into fire-resistant material, eliminating the need to purchase expensive hardwood and thereby reducing production costs.
3Reliability
If fire prevention material is added to wood layers, then fire resistance improves, but structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the fire prevention function directly into the wood structure by impregnating the wood layers with fire retardant substances. Rather than adding separate fire protection layers, the fire protective properties are combined with the wood material itself, creating a unified structure that is both structurally sound and fire-resistant without excessive complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The wood layers serve multiple functions: they provide the structural framework of the door and simultaneously contain fire prevention properties through impregnation. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate fire protection components, reducing structural complexity while maintaining fire resistance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables doors to meet fire resistance standards while reducing material costs and environmental impact, offering improved fire resistance and reduced waste, with the fire prevention material expanding to seal seams and protect against fire, thus minimizing deformation and production inaccuracies.
Implementation Method 1
the fire prevention material is a solid material which does not burn at a temperature that is lower than 850°C and which, in free condition, expands in volume by at least a factor 2, preferably by at least a factor 3 and more preferably by at least a factor 5 as a result of the temperature rise of the fire prevention material with a fire that has reached the fire prevention material
Implementation Method 2
the fire prevention material is a solid material which does not burn at a temperature that is lower than 850°C
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2a
Figure 2b~2e
AI summary
A building element comprising wood, such as a beam or board, wherein the building element is composed of at least two wood layers of wood and at least one fire prevention layer of a fire prevention material, wherein the at least one fire prevention layer is included between the at least two wood layers and wherein the first prevention material is a solid material which does not burn at a temperature that is lower than 8500C and which, in free condition, expands in volume by at least a factor 2, preferably by at least a factor 3 and more preferably by at least a factor 5 as a result of a temperature rise of the fire prevention material with a fire that has reached the fire prevention material.