Fire spread prevention material, method for producing same, laminate, assembled battery, and automobile
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fire spread prevention materials for lithium ion batteries lack sufficient heat insulating and fire spread prevention properties, and their configurations are often complex, with the risk of fire spreading to the plastic prevention walls, and require shaping to fit uneven installation places.
Innovation Solution
A multilayer fire spread prevention material with a layer A containing inorganic fibers and sodium silicate, and a layer B with a porous structure, where the inorganic fiber base material includes an organic binder and inorganic fibers, and the SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of sodium silicate is less than 3.1, providing excellent heat insulating and fire spread prevention properties, and can be processed into a predetermined shape.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a heat-absorbing sheet is used to avoid abrupt temperature increase, then thermal runaway risk is reduced, but heat insulating properties and fire spread prevention properties are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses a composite material consisting of inorganic fibers (such as glass fibers or alumina fibers) as the base material and sodium silicate as the impregnating substance. This composite structure combines the heat absorption capability of the inorganic fibers with the fire resistance and heat insulation properties of sodium silicate, achieving both thermal runaway prevention and superior heat insulating properties simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by specifying that sodium silicate with a SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of less than 3.1 be used. This parameter optimization enhances the fire spread prevention properties and heat insulation performance while maintaining the heat absorption function, resolving the contradiction between thermal runaway prevention and heat insulating properties.
2Reliability
If a thermal runaway prevention wall made of heat-insulating plastic is provided between secondary batteries, then chain reaction is suppressed, but fire spread to the plastic prevention wall itself is not prevented
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the material composition from conventional heat-insulating plastics to an inorganic fiber-based composite impregnated with sodium silicate. This material substitution fundamentally improves fire spread prevention properties while maintaining heat insulation capabilities, preventing fire spread to the prevention wall itself while still suppressing chain reactions between batteries.
Solution Approach 2:
The use of inorganic fibers combined with sodium silicate creates a composite material that is inherently fire-resistant. This composite structure prevents fire spread to the prevention wall while maintaining the thermal insulation necessary for suppressing chain reactions, resolving the contradiction between chain reaction suppression and fire spread prevention.
3Adaptability or versatility
If fire spread prevention material is shaped to follow uneven installation places, then adaptability is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs a flexible sheet structure made of inorganic fibers impregnated with sodium silicate. This flexible film-like configuration can be easily bent and shaped to conform to uneven installation surfaces without requiring complex manufacturing processes. The material's inherent flexibility allows it to adapt to various installation places while maintaining simple manufacturing methods.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The material effectively suppresses heat conduction and spread between battery cells, enhancing safety and allowing for weight reduction while maintaining high fire prevention properties, and can be easily shaped to fit various installation places.
Implementation Method 1
a layer A containing an inorganic fiber base material and sodium silicate impregnated into the inorganic fiber base material
Implementation Method 2
a heat-absorbing sheet, which is used to avoid an abrupt increase in temperature due to an internal short-circuit or the like and a thermal runaway state
Implementation Method 3
a layer B containing an inorganic fiber and having a porous structure
Data Source
AI summary
A fire spread prevention material 10 having a multilayer configuration, including at least a layer A containing an inorganic fiber base material and sodium silicate impregnated into the inorganic fiber base material and a layer B containing an inorganic fiber and having a porous structure, in which the inorganic fiber base material includes an inorganic fiber and an organic binder, a content of the organic binder is 5 to 20 mass % based on a total mass of the inorganic fiber base material, and a SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of the sodium silicate is less than 3.1.