Firearm Stock Bolt With Integrated Hydraulic Damping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing recoil damping systems for semi-automatic firearms do not effectively eliminate the high stresses within the firearm, leading to wear, despite reducing recoil effects on the shooter.

Innovation Solution

A stock bolt with a damping mechanism that houses a tubular element with a damping mechanism, featuring a hydraulic damper and spring, which distributes and dissipates the recoil impulse of mobile masses through time, reducing the impact on the receiver and extending the lifespan of firearm components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional stock bolt systems are used to connect the stock to the receiver, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but high stresses inside the firearm cause wear and reduce reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefirearm component durabilityVSAvoidbolt structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The damping mechanism is nested inside the tubular element of the bolt assembly. The hydraulic damper and spring are contained within the tubular element, which itself is part of the bolt structure that connects the stock to the receiver. This nesting approach adds the damping function without requiring a completely separate external mechanism, thus improving reliability while controlling complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

The hydraulic damper and spring are pre-installed in the bolt to cushion the impact of mobile masses before they reach the receiver. This beforehand cushioning prevents high stresses from reaching critical components, reducing wear and improving durability of the firearm components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If recoil damping devices are added to reduce recoil effects on the shooter, then recoil reduction is achieved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverecoil effect on shooterVSAvoiddamping system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The recoil damping function is merged with the existing bolt structure. The tubular element, hydraulic damper, and spring work together as an integrated system within the bolt assembly, combining the structural support function with the recoil damping function in a single unified component rather than adding separate external devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

A hydraulic damper is used to provide smooth, controlled damping of recoil forces. The hydraulic mechanism converts the kinetic energy of recoiling mobile masses into fluid pressure, dissipating energy gradually and reducing the sharp impact felt by the shooter, while maintaining a compact structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Loss of energy

If the damping mechanism engages early in the mobile masses withdrawal, then more energy is absorbed, but the mechanism complexity and potential interference with firearm operation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverecoil energy absorptionVSAvoiddamping mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The damping mechanism is designed to engage only partially during the mobile masses withdrawal stroke. The hydraulic damper and spring activate during the latter portion of the recoil movement, providing sufficient energy absorption for the critical phase without requiring complex engagement mechanisms for the entire stroke. This partial action approach achieves effective damping while maintaining simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The tubular element acts as an intermediary between the mobile masses and the damping components. It transmits the recoil force from the mobile masses to the hydraulic damper and spring, allowing the damping mechanism to engage at the appropriate point in the withdrawal sequence without direct complex linkage to the mobile masses themselves.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The damping mechanism significantly reduces recoil stress on the shooter and extends the durability of firearm components by dissipating recoil forces over time, improving firing accuracy and reducing wear.

Implementation Method 1

a damping mechanism, featuring a hydraulic damper and spring, which distributes and dissipates the recoil impulse

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydraulic damping: Viscous Damping

Implementation Method 2

a damping mechanism, featuring a hydraulic damper and spring, which distributes and dissipates the recoil impulse

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic potential energy: Spring

Data Source

PatentEP2304376B1Stock bolt of a firearm equipped with a damping mechanism
Publication Date: 2015.08.05 FABBRICA DARMI PIETRO BERETTA SPA
  • EP2304376B1 patent drawingFigure 1a
  • EP2304376B1 patent drawingFigure 1b
  • EP2304376B1 patent drawingFigure 1c

AI summary

A bolt (20, 20') for locking the stock (11) to a receiver (12) of a firearm having mobile masses (13), comprising a tubular element (21) which can be closed at the ends respectively by means of a bolt-body cap (22) which can be screwed to the receiver (12) and by means of a bolt -stock cap (23) on which the stock (11) can be tightened, the tubular element housing in its interior a mechanism (40, 40') for damping the withdrawal speed of the mobile masses (13) of the firearm, situated on their withdrawal trajectory and equipped with a free end not connected to the mobile masses (13) and destined for coming into contact with the latter during their withdrawal movement following the firing of the firearm for damping the stress.