Fireproof Bullet-Proof Glazing with Silicate Intumescent Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional bulletproof glazings face challenges in achieving simultaneous resistance to bullet impacts and fire, often requiring large amounts of organic glass materials that compromise transparency, stability, and safety due to thermal expansion issues and hazardous fumes upon burning, while also encountering optical defects and high production rejection rates with intumescent layers.
Innovation Solution
A laminated assembly of glass sheets using thermoplastic interlayers and intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate, without organic glass sheets, where the fireproof module is integrated within the glazing to dissipate impact energy and maintain fireproof functionality, with a configuration that separates the fireproof module from the leading and protective faces by thermoplastic interlayers, ensuring mechanical strength and reduced thickness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If organic glass sheets (polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate) are used to improve mechanical strength and transparency, then bulletproof performance is enhanced, but fire resistance deteriorates due to hazardous fumes and thermal expansion causes delamination
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes organic glass sheets from the glazing assembly, extracting the problematic material that causes fire hazards and thermal expansion issues, while retaining only inorganic glass sheets combined with thermoplastic interlayers and intumescent layers to achieve fire resistance
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure using inorganic glass sheets combined with thermoplastic interlayers and intumescent layers, replacing the traditional organic glass sheets to achieve both mechanical strength and fire resistance without hazardous fumes
2Object-affected harmful factors
If multiple intumescent layers are added to improve fire resistance, then fireproof performance is enhanced, but optical defects accumulate and production rejection rates increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a limited number of intumescent layers (one or two layers per fireproof module) rather than multiple layers, achieving sufficient fire resistance while minimizing the accumulation of optical defects and reducing production rejection rates
3Object-affected harmful factors
If glass sheets are assembled with specific adhesives to improve fire behavior, then fire resistance is enhanced, but the complexity of assembly increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses thermoplastic interlayers that serve multiple functions: they act as adhesives to join glass sheets, provide fire resistance through intumescent properties, and maintain structural integrity, thereby reducing assembly complexity by combining multiple functions into a single component
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a bulletproof and fireproof glazing with improved mechanical strength, reduced weight, and enhanced transparency, while minimizing the use of organic glass materials, maintaining fireproof functionality during impacts, and reducing production defects and costs.
Implementation Method 1
The sheets are joined together by an adhesive, which may be made up of thermoplastic sheets... the glass sheets of which are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets made of thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers
Implementation Method 2
n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate... the fireproof module comprising said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate and n+1 glass sheets
Implementation Method 3
The sheets are joined together by an adhesive... the glass sheets of which are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets
Data Source
AI summary
A fireproof/bullet-proof safety glazing that includes a laminated assembly I of glass sheets, the laminate I, the glass sheets of which are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets and n layers of intumescent material made from hydrated alkali silicate, with 1≤n≤3. The laminate I also includes a fireproof module comprising the n layers of intumescent material made of hydrated alkali silicate and n+1 glass sheets, the module being flanked on either side by at least one interlayer thermoplastic sheet and at least one glass sheet. The laminate I does not include organic glass sheets made from a polymer material that is rigid at ambient temperature. The glazing includes at least six glass sheets.