Freshwater Fish Scale Collagen Extraction via Dialysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for extracting collagen from fish scales are costly, time-consuming, and often involve toxic chemicals like EDTA, which can lead to collagen degradation and limited yield, while also lacking in environmental friendliness and efficiency in wound healing applications.
Innovation Solution
A two-step process involving alkali treatment and crushing followed by acetic acid treatment with continuous dialysis using a hollow fiber membrane to achieve high-purity collagen extraction with yields exceeding 22% and efficient wound healing properties, utilizing chitosan-collagen composite biomaterials for enhanced biocompatibility and wound healing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If EDTA is used for mineral removal from marine fish scale, then mineral content is reduced, but the process becomes costly, time-consuming, and harmful to skeletal tissues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the necessary component (collagen) from the fish scale while leaving the mineral content intact, rather than attempting to remove all minerals. This is achieved through selective extraction methods that target collagen specifically, thereby eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming EDTA treatment while avoiding the harmful effects on skeletal tissues
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs simple, inexpensive extraction methods that do not require expensive chemicals like EDTA. The process uses basic aqueous extraction and enzymatic treatment that are cost-effective and can be performed with readily available reagents, making the manufacturing process more economical and environmentally friendly
2Quantity of substance
If marine source collagen is used, then collagen is obtained, but denaturation temperature is low and EDTA remnant is harmful
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the source parameter from marine fish scale to fresh water fish scale, which fundamentally alters the collagen properties. Fresh water fish collagen naturally possesses higher denaturation temperature and does not require EDTA treatment, thereby improving both thermal stability and biocompatibility while maintaining high collagen yield
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the previously harmful effect of marine collagen's low denaturation temperature and EDTA requirement into a benefit by selecting fresh water fish scale as the source. This alternative source naturally provides collagen with superior thermal stability and eliminates the need for harmful chemical treatments, turning a potential disadvantage into an advantage
3Ease of manufacture
If fish scale is used as waste material, then collagen extraction is simple and less time-consuming, but purity and yield need optimization
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary treatment steps to the fish scale before extraction, including cleaning and preparation processes that remove contaminants and improve the quality of the starting material. This preliminary action ensures that the subsequent extraction process yields high-purity collagen while maintaining the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of using waste fish scale as the source
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite extraction approach combining multiple methods (aqueous extraction, enzymatic treatment, and filtration) to achieve high purity collagen from fish scale. This composite methodology integrates the advantages of different extraction techniques while maintaining operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process results in high-purity collagen with improved thermal stability and enhanced wound healing properties, achieving significant collagen yield and minimizing chemical treatment, thus being cost-effective and environmentally friendly, with applications in wound dressings and tissue engineering.
Implementation Method 1
continuous dialysis using a hollow fiber membrane
Implementation Method 2
A two-step process involving alkali treatment and crushing
Implementation Method 3
acetic acid treatment with continuous dialysis
Data Source
AI summary
Polyelectrolyte based bioactive super-absorbent material ionotropically crosslinked/neutralized involving polyvalent carboxylic acids, citrate, Kojic Acid, Alpha Arbutin along with fish scale collagen cross linked with other polyelectrolyte biopolymers preferably selected from chitosan, alginate or their combinations is used in this invention. The advancement is also directed to process of extraction of collagen of high purity from fresh water fish scale by salt and alkaline washing, crushing followed by continuous dialysis thereby minimizing the chance of collagen degradation. Also disclosed are different forms of collagen-chitosan composite biomaterial using citrate as the neutralizing buffer in combination with antimicrobial agent, antioxidant, skin plumper and melanin reducer wherein the different forms of collagen chitosan particularly sheet, flakes, powder, gel, particles, fiber, film, spray etc. reveal efficient wound healing properties. The advancement is thus directed to find wide application in various dermal wound healing, tissue engineering, 3D cell culture, cell expansion and cell delivery vehicle, mimicking the in vivo situation in dynamic condition, cosmetics and different other health care applications.