Flame-Ejecting Spark Plug With Cavity And Holes For Stereoscopic Ignition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Traditional spark plugs in internal combustion engines have limited ignition area and intensity, leading to slow combustion speed, low thermal efficiency, and increased likelihood of knocking, which restricts the use of lower-grade fuels and increases fuel costs.

Innovation Solution

A flame-ejecting spark plug design that creates a cavity with strategically positioned holes for air and fuel entry, generating a columnar flame that penetrates the combustion chamber for multi-point ignition, increasing ignition intensity and speed, and using the flame's energy to ignite the fuel-air mixture efficiently.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a traditional spark plug with point-shaped ignition source is used, then the structure is simple, but the ignition area is small and combustion speed is slow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion speedVSAvoidignition area
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the single point-shaped ignition source into multiple ignition points arranged in an array. Each electrode pair generates its own spark, creating numerous simultaneous ignition locations within the combustion chamber. This segmentation transforms the ignition process from a single-point source to a distributed multi-point system, significantly increasing both ignition area and combustion speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a zero-dimensional point ignition source to a two-dimensional array of ignition points. The electrodes are arranged in a planar configuration that spreads ignition locations across a surface area rather than concentrating them at a single point. This dimensional expansion increases the effective ignition area and enables faster, more uniform combustion throughout the chamber.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Use of energy by moving object

If a plasma ignition device with multiple electrodes is used, then ignition energy is increased, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveignition energyVSAvoidelectrode structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates multiple copies of the basic electrode ignition unit arranged in an array pattern. Each electrode pair is a replicated version of the fundamental ignition element, generating plasma sparks simultaneously. This copying approach increases total ignition energy through multiplication of simple units rather than developing a single complex high-energy system, thereby maintaining structural simplicity while achieving high energy output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines multiple simple electrode pairs into a unified array structure that functions as an integrated ignition system. The individual electrode units are merged into a coordinated arrangement where each contributes to the overall ignition energy. This merging of multiple simple components achieves the energy output of complex systems while maintaining the simplicity of individual units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If two spark plugs are set in each cylinder for aviation engines, then ignition reliability is improved, but the fuel supply system becomes complex and cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveignition reliabilityVSAvoidfuel supply system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the ignition function into multiple independent electrode pairs within a single spark plug body. This segmentation provides redundancy similar to using multiple spark plugs, ensuring that if one electrode pair fails, others can maintain ignition reliability. The segmentation is achieved within one compact unit rather than requiring multiple separate spark plug assemblies, thereby avoiding the complexity of managing multiple fuel supply systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent makes a single spark plug perform the multi-function of multiple spark plugs through its array of electrode pairs. This multi-functional design provides the redundancy and reliability of multiple ignition sources while consolidating the structure into one unit. The universal design eliminates the need for separate fuel supply systems for each ignition source, reducing overall system complexity and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Productivity

If compression ignition method with diesel oil injection is used, then combustion speed and thermal efficiency are improved, but the fuel supply system becomes complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal efficiencyVSAvoidfuel supply system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical diesel injection system with an electrical plasma ignition system. Instead of using a separate fuel supply system to inject diesel for compression ignition, the patent uses electrically excited plasma to create high-temperature ignition sources. This substitution eliminates the complex mechanical injection apparatus while achieving similar or superior combustion efficiency through controlled plasma energy delivery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the ignition mechanism from chemical (diesel self-ignition under compression) to physical (plasma-induced ignition). By altering the fundamental parameter of how ignition is achieved—from relying on fuel properties and compression heat to using controlled plasma energy—the system attains high thermal efficiency without requiring the complex dual-fuel supply infrastructure needed for compression ignition methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design enhances combustion speed by 4 to 10 times, improves thermal efficiency by 10-30%, reduces knocking, and allows the use of lower-grade fuels, such as 70# gasoline, while maintaining engine performance.

Implementation Method 1

The electrode generates electric spark to ignite the combustible gas in the cavity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric spark: Electric Spark

Implementation Method 2

the combustible gas in the cavity undergoes combustion reaction, releasing thermal energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Implementation Method 3

the high-temperature high-pressure flame is ejected from the hole to form columnar flame

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure gradient: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentUS10886706B2Flame-ejecting spark plug, and internal combustion engine and automobile having same
Publication Date: 2021.01.05 ZHOU (BEIJING) AUTOMOTIVE TECH CO LTD
  • US10886706B2 patent drawing
  • US10886706B2 patent drawing
  • US10886706B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Disclosed are a flame-ejecting spark plug, and an internal combustion engine and an automobile having same. On the basis of a conventional spark plug, a space near to an electrode is closed to form a cavity (10), an end face is provided with at least one first hole (11), and a side face is provided with at least one second hole (13). A mixture of air and fuel enters the cavity (10) through the first hole (11) and the second hole (13). Electric discharge between the electrodes produces a spark igniting the combustible gas within the cavity (10), and the flame extends in the cavity (10) and the temperature and pressure rise. The flame is ejected from the first hole (11) and the second hole (13) to form a plurality of columnar flames, and the flame penetrates the combustible gas in a combustion chamber and a cylinder to realize stereoscopic ignition, large-area ignition and high-energy ignition of the combustible gas in the combustion chamber.