Flame Resistant Body Fill Composition with Inorganic Hydrate Filler

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Solution Overview

Problem

Free radical curable resin vehicle body fill compositions face issues with poor adhesion to substrates and time-consuming processes for determining the appropriate sanding time, leading to inefficiencies and potential moisture absorption affecting paint longevity, while existing fire retardant materials have hazardous additives and poor application characteristics.

Innovation Solution

A curable fill composition incorporating an inorganic hydrate filler like aluminum trihydrate, combined with a free-radical cure initiator and unsaturated polyester resin, which provides flame resistance and improved sandability, reducing smoke toxicity and enhancing application performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional free radical curable resin vehicle body fill compositions are used, then the composition can be applied to substrates, but the adhesion to substrates is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveadhesionVSAvoidbonding reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a composite material system combining unsaturated polyester resin with styrene monomer and specific filler combinations (calcium carbonate, talc, and inorganic hydrate filler). This composite formulation enhances adhesion to substrates while maintaining the desired working properties and fire retardancy characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If the curing process is accelerated to improve repair throughput, then productivity increases, but premature sanding causes displacement of curing material and poor featheredge

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverepair throughputVSAvoidsanding precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates a color-changing dye that transitions from red to clear as the material cures. This visual indicator allows technicians to precisely determine when the fill has reached the optimal curing stage for sanding, eliminating subjective judgment and ensuring consistent timing that prevents both premature and excessive waiting.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical tactile method (touching the surface to assess softness and tackiness) with an optical detection system (color change observation). This substitution eliminates the stickiness problem and provides an objective, easily observable indicator of cure progress.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Loss of time

If heat lamps are used to speed up curing, then cure time is reduced, but the equipment cost and operational expense increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecure timeVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the fill system by incorporating specific catalysts and curing agents that accelerate the polymerization reaction at ambient temperatures. This chemical parameter change enables fast curing without requiring external thermal energy input from heat lamps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Object-affected harmful factors

If existing fire retardant additives are used to achieve flame resistance, then fire safety is improved, but smoke toxicity increases and application characteristics deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefire resistanceVSAvoidsmoke toxicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates hazardous fire retardant additives (such as antimony oxide and certain phosphorus compounds) from the formulation. Instead, it uses inorganic hydrate filler that provides fire retardancy through a different mechanism, thereby removing the source of smoke toxicity while maintaining fire safety performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the potentially harmful interaction between fire retardants and smoke generation into a beneficial outcome by selecting inorganic hydrate filler that releases water vapor during combustion rather than toxic smoke. This transforms the fire safety function into a dual benefit of fire retardancy plus smoke suppression.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

5Object-affected harmful factors

If existing fire retardant additives are used to achieve flame resistance, then fire safety is improved, but adhesion and sandability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefire resistanceVSAvoidapplication performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite filler system combining calcium carbonate, talc, and inorganic hydrate filler in specific proportions. This composite approach maintains the desirable application characteristics (adhesion, sandability, surface finish) of conventional fillers while the inorganic hydrate component provides the required fire retardancy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composition achieves consistent good application performance, is sandable with minimal clogging, and imparts effective flame resistance, meeting safety standards like EN 45545-2, while reducing the need for hazardous additives and subjective judgment in sanding timing.

Implementation Method 1

A part B storage-separate, free-radical cure initiator package is provided that includes a free-radical cure initiator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFree radical polymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

an inorganic hydrate filler present in an amount to confer fire suppression time of 25 seconds or less upon cure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEndothermic dehydration: Endothermic Reaction

Data Source

PatentUS12152141B2Flame resistant body fill composition
Publication Date: 2024.11.26 ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC

AI summary

A bond fill composition is provided that includes a part A including a curable resin having a degree of unsaturation, an inorganic hydrate filler present in an amount to confer fire suppression time of 60 seconds or less upon cure, and a monomer reactive diluent in which the curable resin is dissolved or suspended. A part B storage-separate, free-radical cure initiator package is provided that includes a free-radical cure initiator. A process for repairing a vehicle body includes mixing the part A with the part B to form a mixture. The mixture is applied to a substrate of the vehicle body in need of repair. Upon curing to form a fill, the vehicle body is repaired and the fill is a sandable surface.