Flame Retardant Synthesis Using Nucleation Agents to Reduce Halide Contamination
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
The existing synthesis processes for 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, a flame retardant for plastics, result in contamination with halide ions, leading to corrosion of equipment and adverse effects on the performance of plastic articles, particularly in terms of heat resistance and electrical properties, making it challenging to produce the compound on an industrial scale with minimal impurities.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating finely divided water-insoluble polyvalent metal compounds like oxides, hydroxides, or silicates into the reaction system during the synthesis of 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, which act as nucleation sites for crystal growth, reducing halide salt entrapment and allowing for the production of a flame retardant with reduced halide ion content and improved purity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional synthesis processes are used to produce brominated phenoxytriazine, then the production can proceed with standard methods, but the product becomes contaminated with halide ions causing corrosion and performance degradation
Solution Approach 1:
A water-soluble polymer is introduced as an intermediary substance during the synthesis reaction. This polymer mediates between the reactants and the halide ion byproduct, capturing and solubilizing the halide ions in the aqueous phase while allowing the flame retardant to crystallize in the organic phase, thus preventing halide ion contamination of the final product
Solution Approach 2:
The synthesis process parameters are changed by introducing a two-phase system (organic and aqueous phases) and controlling the solubility characteristics. By adjusting the composition and properties of the aqueous phase containing the water-soluble polymer, the partitioning of halide ions into the aqueous phase is enhanced, achieving separation from the organic phase containing the pure flame retardant
2Manufacturing precision
If halide ion content is reduced through washing or recrystallization, then purity improves, but productivity decreases due to additional processing steps
Solution Approach 1:
The water-soluble polymer is added at the beginning of the synthesis reaction, before the halide ions are generated. This preliminary action allows the polymer to be present and ready to capture halide ions as they form during the reaction, eliminating the need for subsequent washing or recrystallization steps to remove halide ions
3Reliability
If flame retardant is blended with thermoplastic materials, then flame resistance is achieved, but halide ions cause corrosion of extruder and molding equipment
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful halide ions are extracted and removed from the flame retardant product through the two-phase synthesis system. The water-soluble polymer selectively captures halide ions in the aqueous phase, separating them from the organic phase containing the pure flame retardant, thus eliminating the corrosion-causing impurities before the flame retardant is used in plastic processing
4Ease of manufacture
If flame retardant contains halide ion source, then synthesis is simpler, but electrical properties and tracking resistance of plastic articles are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The water-soluble polymer acts as an intermediary that selectively binds to halide ions during the synthesis reaction. This allows the synthesis to proceed with standard reagents and methods while the polymer mediator prevents halide ions from being incorporated into the flame retardant crystal structure, preserving the electrical properties of the final plastic articles
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The approach significantly reduces halide ion contamination to less than 500 ppm, maintaining the performance of flame-retardant plastic articles and preventing corrosion of equipment, while enabling industrial-scale production with minimal impact on the product's properties.
Implementation Method 1
Incorporating finely divided water-insoluble polyvalent metal compounds like oxides, hydroxides, or silicates into the reaction system during the synthesis of 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, which act as nucleation sites for crystal growth
Data Source
AI summary
A flame retardant composition for flammable plastic materials and a method for producing the same are disclosed. The flame retardant composition comprises 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine that contains 1 to 1000 ppm of a metal species of a water-insoluble polyvalent metal compound selected from the group consisting of oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate and silicate present in the particles of 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine. The flame retardant composition is produced by reacting an alkali metal salt of 2,4,6-tribromophenol and cyanuric chloride in the presence of said water-insoluble polyvalent metal compound.