Mineral-Insulated Flame Sensor Cable for 300°C Signal Integrity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing flame sensor cable assemblies for turbines fail to maintain insulation resistance at high temperatures near combustion chambers, leading to potential fuel feed issues if the ignition flame is extinguished.

Innovation Solution

A triaxial cable assembly with three conductive layers and two insulating layers, utilizing mineral insulation materials like magnesium oxide and ceramic materials to withstand temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius, ensuring electrical insulation and signal integrity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional cable insulation materials are used in flame sensor cable assemblies, then the cable assembly can be manufactured with standard materials and processes, but the insulation resistance is lost at high temperatures near combustion chambers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinsulation resistanceVSAvoidtemperature resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from conventional insulation materials to magnesium oxide mineral insulation material, which fundamentally alters the temperature resistance characteristics. This material substitution enables the cable to maintain insulation resistance at temperatures above 300°C where conventional materials would fail.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The cable assembly uses a composite structure combining magnesium oxide mineral insulation material with metal conductors and protective sheathing. This composite construction provides both electrical insulation and high-temperature resistance, resolving the contradiction between maintaining insulation properties and withstanding extreme temperatures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Measurement precision

If the cable assembly is positioned close to the combustion chamber for signal detection, then flame detection accuracy is improved, but the cable is exposed to temperatures that cause insulation failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflame detection accuracyVSAvoidthermal damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

By changing the insulation material parameter to magnesium oxide, the cable can physically withstand the high temperature environment near the combustion chamber, enabling close positioning for accurate flame detection without suffering thermal damage to the insulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If standard cable materials are used to reduce cost and simplify manufacturing, then manufacturing complexity is reduced, but the cable cannot withstand temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidtemperature withstanding capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies magnesium oxide mineral insulation material as a standard component, changing the material parameter to achieve both high-temperature resistance and manufacturing feasibility. This material is available as a standardized component that can be manufactured using established processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The cable assembly effectively maintains insulation resistance and signal integrity at high temperatures, enabling timely shutdown of fuel feed in case of a flame-out condition, thus preventing un-combusted fuel buildup and ensuring safety and efficiency in turbine operations.

Implementation Method 1

The cable assembly includes a first insulating layer circumferentially surrounding the inner conductor. The first insulating layer includes a mineral insulation material, such as magnesium oxide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Implementation Method 2

utilizing mineral insulation materials like magnesium oxide and ceramic materials to withstand temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius, ensuring electrical insulation and signal integrity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric insulation: Dielectric

Data Source

PatentEP3224921B1Flame sensor apparatus and method of providing a flame sensor apparatus
Publication Date: 2024.03.06 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP3224921B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3224921B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3224921B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A cable assembly for a flame sensor apparatus includes an inner conductor electrically connected to a photodiode that generates a current. The inner conductor transmits the current from the photodiode. A first insulating layer circumferentially surrounds the inner conductor. The first insulating layer includes a mineral insulation material. An inner sheath circumferentially surrounds the first insulating layer. The inner sheath includes an electrically conductive material. A second insulating layer circumferentially surrounds the inner sheath. The second insulating layer includes a mineral insulation material. An outer sheath circumferentially surrounds the second insulating layer. The outer sheath includes an electrically conductive material. The cable assembly is for use in temperatures up to about 300 degrees Celsius or greater. A method of attaching a cable assembly for a flame sensor apparatus is provided.