Flash Memory Post-Write Read Using Combined Page Verification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional error correction codes (ECC) in flash memory systems are resource-intensive and designed for worst-case error rates, leading to performance degradation and inefficiency, especially as the memory ages and error rates increase, requiring a more efficient error management approach.

Innovation Solution

The method involves partitioning the memory array into two portions, where high-density storage cells with smaller error margins operate alongside lower-density cells with wider error margins, allowing for adaptive rewriting of data from the high-density portion to the lower-density portion after a post-write read to detect and correct errors, thereby reducing the computational load on ECC and improving performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional ECC is used to handle worst-case error rates, then data integrity is maintained, but computational load and processing time increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata integrityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by implementing a two-stage error correction approach: first using a lightweight parity check on selected pages to identify potential errors, and only then applying full ECC correction when needed. This avoids the excessive computational load of conventional ECC while maintaining data integrity through selective correction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the error correction process into distinct stages: (1) selective reading of pages based on write patterns, (2) parity bit generation and verification, (3) identification of high error rate pages, and (4) targeted ECC correction. This segmentation allows the system to handle errors efficiently without processing all pages through the full ECC pipeline.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Quantity of substance

If memory density is increased to store more data, then storage capacity improves, but error rate increases due to smaller error margins

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage capacityVSAvoiderror rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by treating different pages with different verification strategies based on their write patterns. Pages that were written during the same program operation are grouped together and subjected to joint parity verification, while other pages use standard verification. This localized approach optimizes error detection efficiency without compromising overall reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where parity check results from initial reads inform subsequent read operations. When high error rates are detected in certain pages, the system uses this feedback to prioritize re-reading and correction of those specific pages, dynamically adjusting the error correction strategy based on actual error conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If multiple pages are read and verified using combined parity checks, then error detection efficiency improves, but memory access time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror detection efficiencyVSAvoidmemory access time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple page verification operations into a single combined parity check process. By reading pages in groups and computing parity bits across multiple pages simultaneously, the system achieves efficient error detection without the overhead of individual page verifications, reducing total memory access time while maintaining high error detection efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP2737486B1Non-volatile memory and method with accelerated post-write read using combined verification of multiple pages
Publication Date: 2018.06.06 SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • EP2737486B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2737486B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2737486B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A post-write read operation, using a combined verification of multiple pages of data, is presented. In a simultaneous verification of multiple pages in a block, the controller evaluates a combined function of the multiple pages, instead of evaluating each page separately. In one exemplary embodiment, the combined function is formed by XORing the pages together. Such a combined verification of multiple pages based on the read data can significantly reduce the controller involvement, lowering the required bus and ECC bandwidth for a post-write read and hence allow efficient post-write reads when the number of dies is large.