Flash Registry Write Leveling for NAND Flash Endurance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional data storage methods using NAND flash devices are inefficient due to their limited number of supported writes, as traditional tree-based data structures require frequent updates, exceeding the write capacity of NAND flash media.

Innovation Solution

A data structure that trades writes for reads, utilizing a flash registry with write leveling and caching, and a shadow registry to minimize the number of writes to NAND flash-based storage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If traditional tree-based data structures are used for data storage, then data organization and access are simplified, but the number of write operations increases excessively, exceeding the limited write capacity of NAND flash media

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata organizationVSAvoidwrite capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a shadow registry that creates a copy of the registry structure in memory, allowing write operations to be performed on the shadow copy rather than directly on the NAND flash storage. This copy enables frequent updates without consuming write capacity on the physical storage medium, thereby resolving the contradiction between ease of data organization and limited write capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary actions by maintaining a shadow registry in memory that is updated before actual writes to NAND flash occur. Changes are accumulated and batched, then written to flash in larger periodic operations. This preliminary buffering of write operations reduces the frequency of direct writes to flash storage, solving the write capacity limitation while maintaining efficient data organization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Stability of the object's composition

If frequent writes are performed to update data structures, then data consistency is maintained, but the limited write endurance of NAND flash devices is exhausted prematurely

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata consistencyVSAvoidwrite endurance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

By copying the registry structure into a shadow registry in memory, the system can maintain data consistency through frequent updates on the shadow copy without consuming the write endurance of the physical NAND flash devices. The shadow registry acts as a buffer that preserves data consistency while protecting the flash storage from excessive write operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements periodic action by accumulating write operations in the shadow registry and then performing batched writes to NAND flash at periodic intervals. This approach maintains data consistency through continuous updates on the shadow structure while reducing the frequency of physical writes to flash storage, thereby extending the write endurance lifespan of the devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Productivity

If a shadow registry is introduced to reduce write operations, then write capacity is conserved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewrite capacityVSAvoidregistry structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The shadow registry is implemented as a direct copy of the existing registry structure, using the same data organization and access patterns. This copying approach preserves the simplicity of the original tree-based structure while adding the benefit of reduced write operations to flash storage, thereby minimizing the increase in system complexity while improving write capacity utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP4726525A2Flash registry with write leveling
Publication Date: 2026.04.15 WEKA IO LTD
  • EP4726525A2 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4726525A2 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4726525A2 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A plurality of computing devices are communicatively coupled to each other via a network, and each of the plurality of computing devices is operably coupled to one or more of a plurality of storage devices. A plurality of failure resilient address spaces are distributed across the plurality of storage devices such that each of the plurality of failure resilient address spaces spans a plurality of the storage devices. Each computing device is operable to maintain a two-level registry that records changes in the memory. When data is read from memory, recent changes to the data may be applied according to one or more corresponding registry blocks. Thus, the two-level registry enables the plurality of computing devices to postpone and/or consolidate writes to memory (e.g., non-volatile flash drives).