Flat Diffractive Crystal X-ray Spectrometer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current X-ray spectrometry techniques, particularly wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, face challenges in achieving complete spectrometry with high resolution and efficiency due to the need for complex mechanisms and long measurement times, especially when analyzing micro samples, as they require precise movement and angular adjustments of dispersive crystals, which can lead to incomplete spectral resolution and measurement errors.

Innovation Solution

An X-ray spectrometric detection device with a flat diffractive reflection surface on the dispersive crystal allows for simultaneous reception and spectral resolution of all wavelength components from a micro analysis spot without moving or angularly shifting the crystal, enabling high-resolution, complete spectrometry by selectively diffracting and reflecting wavelength components corresponding to incident angles, thus reducing measurement time and eliminating fluctuations in incident angles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a curved dispersive crystal is used to achieve complete spectrometry, then spectral resolution is improved, but device complexity and measurement time increase due to required precise movement and angular adjustments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral resolutionVSAvoidcomplex mechanisms for movement and angular adjustments
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a curved dispersive crystal that requires complex movement mechanisms, the patent inverts the approach by using a flat dispersive crystal with a two-dimensional detector array. The flat crystal remains stationary while the 2D detector captures diffracted X-rays at multiple angles simultaneously, achieving complete spectrometry without mechanical movement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical movement and angular adjustment system with a stationary flat dispersive crystal combined with a two-dimensional detector. The spectral information is obtained through the spatial distribution of detected X-rays on the 2D detector rather than through mechanical scanning, eliminating complex mechanical systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If a curved dispersive crystal with precise movement mechanisms is used, then spectral resolution is improved, but measurement time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral resolutionVSAvoidmeasurement time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables continuous spectral measurement by using a flat dispersive crystal with a two-dimensional detector array that captures all wavelength components simultaneously. The flat crystal geometry allows X-rays to be diffracted to different positions on the 2D detector based on their wavelengths, enabling complete spectrometry in a single measurement without sequential scanning.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from one-dimensional spectral measurement (requiring sequential scanning) to two-dimensional spatial detection. The flat dispersive crystal diffracts X-rays to different positions on a 2D detector plane, where the spatial coordinates directly correspond to wavelength information, enabling simultaneous capture of the entire spectrum.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the dispersive crystal is moved or angularly shifted to change incident angles, then different wavelength ranges can be analyzed, but measurement accuracy decreases due to fluctuations in incident angles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength range analysisVSAvoidspectral resolution accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of moving the dispersive crystal to analyze different wavelength ranges, the patent inverts the approach by using a stationary flat crystal with a two-dimensional detector. The flat crystal geometry allows different incident angles to be maintained while the 2D detector captures diffracted X-rays at various positions, eliminating angle fluctuations and improving measurement accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces measurement time and achieves complete spectrometry with high accuracy and simplicity, eliminating the need for complex mechanisms and ensuring precise spectral resolution of micro samples, even at small analysis spot sizes.

Implementation Method 1

a wavelength component corresponding to an incident angle for each position on the diffractive reflection surface is selectively diffracted and reflected

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, face challenges in achieving complete spectrometry with high resolution

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBragg Diffraction: Bragg Diffraction

Implementation Method 3

wavelength component corresponding to an incident angle for each position on the diffractive reflection surface is selectively diffracted and reflected

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2772752B1X-ray spectrometry detector device
Publication Date: 2017.03.01 HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS KK
  • EP2772752B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2772752B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2772752B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An X-ray spectrometric detection device 1A includes a dispersive crystal 20 and a two-dimensional X-ray detector 30, spectrally resolves characteristic X-rays 2 emitted from a micro analysis spot P having a diameter of 100 µm or less on a surface of a sample 10 irradiated with X-rays or an electron beam, and detects the resolved X-rays by wavelength. The dispersive crystal 20 has a flat diffractive reflection surface 20a for receiving the characteristic X-rays 2 emitted from the micro analysis spot P and diffracts and reflects a wavelength component corresponding to an incident angle to the diffractive reflection surface 20a in wavelength components included in the characteristic X-rays 2, so as to spectrally resolve the characteristic X-rays 2 by wavelength. The detector 30 has a light-receiving surface 30a for receiving the characteristic X-rays 2 diffracted and reflected by the dispersive crystal 20, and generates data concerning an incident position and intensity of the characteristic X-rays 2 incident on the light-receiving surface 30a.