Flexible Back-Off Intervals for WLAN Medium Contention

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current medium contention protocols in WLAN devices, such as IEEE 802.11, lead to inefficiencies in data transmission due to predetermined transmit and back-off intervals, which can render time-sensitive data less useful and reduce communication system efficiency, especially in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems.

Innovation Solution

Implementing flexible transmission and back-off intervals by allowing network devices to maintain control of the communication medium for multiple consecutive transmit intervals, dynamically varying the duration of back-off intervals based on data availability and detected transmissions, and using a time-interval calculation unit to determine the number of consecutive back-off intervals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If predetermined transmit and back-off intervals are used in medium contention protocols, then collision avoidance is achieved, but time-sensitive data becomes stale and communication efficiency is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision avoidanceVSAvoiddata staleness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic back-off intervals that adapt based on network conditions and data characteristics. Instead of fixed predetermined intervals, the back-off duration is adjusted dynamically - shorter intervals for time-sensitive data and longer intervals for less critical data, resolving the contradiction between collision avoidance and data freshness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the parameter of back-off interval duration from a fixed value to a variable parameter that can be adjusted based on multiple factors including data priority, network load, and historical transmission patterns. This allows the system to optimize between collision probability and data timeliness by selecting appropriate interval lengths

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of operation

If network devices relinquish control after predetermined transmit intervals, then fairness among devices is maintained, but communication system efficiency is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefairness among devicesVSAvoidcommunication system efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces dynamic transmit interval extensions that allow devices to maintain control longer when beneficial. The system dynamically determines whether to extend the current device's control period based on factors such as data priority, network conditions, and efficiency metrics, while still ensuring eventual fairness through controlled back-off mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention enables continuous transmission by allowing devices to extend their control periods and avoid unnecessary back-offs. When network conditions permit, a device can maintain control of the communication medium for extended periods, eliminating idle back-off intervals and improving overall system productivity while maintaining fairness through conditional extensions rather than mandatory periodic relinquishment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Reliability

If random back-off intervals are initiated before transmission, then collision avoidance is improved, but data transmission latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision avoidanceVSAvoidtransmission latency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the back-off interval from a purely random duration to a controlled parameter that can be adjusted based on data priority and network conditions. High-priority time-sensitive data can use shorter or deterministic back-off intervals, while lower-priority data uses traditional random back-off, optimizing the balance between collision avoidance and transmission latency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3139693B1Flexible transmission and back-off intervals in network devices
Publication Date: 2025.01.01 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP3139693B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3139693B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3139693B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

A method of communication by a network device (102) over a communication medium and the network device (102) itself are described. The method comprising selecting a random number value, selecting a back-off interval (512) based at least in part on the random number value, initiating the back-off interval (512), gaining control of the communication medium after the back-off interval (512) has elapsed and no transmission are detected on the communication medium and selecting another back-off interval (514, 516) when transmissions are detected on the communication medium.