Flexible CTU Boundary Partitioning for Video Decoding Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

In modern video coding standards like H.264/AVC, HEVC, VVC, and AV1, picture partitioning that misaligns with object boundaries requires additional bits to signal boundaries and motion, leading to inefficiencies.

Innovation Solution

The method involves partitioning a coded picture into coding tree units (CTUs) where CTUs adjacent to picture boundaries have reduced dimensions, allowing for flexible decoding by signaling size dimensions and restricting certain splitting modes based on these dimensions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a fixed picture partitioning into CTUs is used, then the decoding structure is simple and regular, but additional bits are required to signal boundary and motion information when object boundaries do not align with CTU boundaries

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecoding structureVSAvoidboundary and motion information bits
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces flexible CTU row heights that can be dynamically adjusted based on picture content characteristics. Instead of fixed CTU dimensions, the system allows CTU rows to have variable heights, enabling better alignment with object boundaries while maintaining a relatively simple decoding structure. This dynamic adaptation reduces the need for additional boundary and motion information signaling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of CTU row height from a fixed value to a variable parameter. By allowing CTU row heights to be adjusted according to the picture content, the system achieves better alignment with object boundaries, thereby reducing the bits required for boundary and motion information while keeping the overall decoding structure manageable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of information

If CTUs at picture boundaries are reduced in size, then alignment with object boundaries improves and signaling bits are reduced, but the decoding complexity increases due to variable dimensions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveboundary and motion information bitsVSAvoiddecoding process
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the picture into CTU rows with variable heights, where the first and last CTU rows can have different heights from intermediate rows. This segmentation allows boundary regions to be handled with appropriate sizing while maintaining regularity in the bulk of the picture, thus reducing signaling bits without excessively increasing decoding complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different CTU row height characteristics to different regions of the picture. The first and last CTU rows (at picture boundaries) can have reduced heights to align with object boundaries, while intermediate CTU rows maintain standard heights. This local adaptation reduces boundary information bits while limiting the overall increase in decoding complexity to only the boundary regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Manufacturing precision

If flexible CTU partitioning is implemented, then object boundary alignment improves, but the number of syntax elements and signaling requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject boundary alignmentVSAvoidsyntax elements
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic CTU row height selection where the height of first and last CTU rows can be flexibly determined based on picture content. This dynamic approach improves object boundary alignment precision while using syntax elements only where necessary (at boundaries), rather than requiring comprehensive syntax elements for the entire picture, thus limiting the increase in signaling complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3921941B1Flexible picture partitioning
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 TENCENT AMERICA LLC
  • EP3921941B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3921941B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3921941B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems and methods may provide flexible picture partitioning, a method includes receiving a coded picture that is partitioned into a plurality of coding tree units (CTUs), wherein at least one row or column of CTUs, among the plurality of CTUs of the coded picture, that is adjacent to a boundary of the coded picture has a size dimension that is smaller than a corresponding size dimension of each CTU among the plurality of CTUs that is not adjacent to any boundary of the coded picture; and decoding the coded picture based on the plurality of CTUs, wherein the at least one row or column of CTUs includes a first CTU row or a first CTU column of the coded picture that is adjacent to a top boundary or left boundary of the coded picture, respectively.