Flexible Diffusion Chamber for Brain Ventricles

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current drug delivery systems for neurological conditions like epilepsy are limited by side effects, require precise dosing, and struggle with delivering medication directly to the brain due to size and power constraints, necessitating improved methods for precise and targeted drug delivery.

Innovation Solution

A system comprising a flexible catheter with a diffusion chamber that delivers solid form medication to the brain's ventricles, allowing medication to dissolve in cerebrospinal fluid and diffuse effectively, while conforming to the brain's shape without causing significant physiological disruption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If solid form medication is delivered to the brain ventricles, then treatment efficacy is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetreatment efficacyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The device is divided into distinct functional segments: a delivery member for transporting medication, a diffusion chamber for controlled release, and a stylet for actuation. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently while maintaining overall system reliability for effective brain treatment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A diffusion chamber is introduced as an intermediary component between the medication delivery system and the brain ventricles. This chamber controls the release and diffusion of medication, improving treatment efficacy while keeping the delivery mechanism relatively simple through passive diffusion rather than active pumping.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If the delivery member is made flexible to conform to brain shape, then safety is improved, but the ability to maintain lumen patency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidlumen patency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The delivery member is constructed as a flexible catheter that can conform to the contours of brain ventricles, improving safety by reducing mechanical irritation and improving positioning accuracy. The flexibility allows the device to adapt to anatomical variations without causing damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of relying on rigid structural support to maintain lumen patency, the design uses a stylet that can be advanced through the flexible delivery member to temporarily stiffen it during medication delivery. This substitutes permanent mechanical rigidity with temporary mechanical support only when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If an implantable drug pump is used for precise dosing, then dosing precision is improved, but the device size and power requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedosing precisionVSAvoiddevice size
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The complex pump mechanism and power source are extracted from the implantable device, replacing them with a simpler system that uses a stylet to push solid medication pellets into a diffusion chamber. This extraction eliminates the need for batteries and motors, dramatically reducing device size while maintaining dosing precision through controlled pellet delivery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses disposable solid medication pellets instead of requiring a reusable powered pump. The pellets are delivered once and then dissolve in the diffusion chamber, eliminating the need for ongoing power supply and complex mechanical systems while achieving precise dosing through the number and size of pellets administered.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

4Reliability

If higher dose of drug is given systemically, then treatment efficacy is improved, but side effects increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetreatment efficacyVSAvoidside effects
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The medication is delivered directly to the brain ventricles where it is needed, creating a localized high concentration of drug at the target site. This local delivery approach achieves effective treatment concentrations in the brain without requiring high systemic doses, thereby minimizing exposure of other tissues to the drug and reducing side effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The diffusion chamber acts as an intermediary that controls the release of medication into the cerebrospinal fluid. This ensures that the drug is delivered precisely to the brain ventricles in controlled amounts, achieving effective local concentrations while avoiding the need for high systemic dosing that would cause side effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables precise and localized drug delivery to the brain, reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy for neurological conditions like epilepsy by ensuring accurate dosing and minimizing systemic toxicity.

Implementation Method 1

a diffusion chamber to as to allow the medication to dissolve in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 2

allow the medication to dissolve in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDissolution: Solvation

Implementation Method 3

portions of apparatus (e.g., the distal portions) have sufficient flexibility to conform to the shape of the ventricles of the brain when advanced into them

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP2968881B8Apparatus for delivery of medication to the brain to treat neurological conditions
Publication Date: 2019.10.09 INCUBE LABS LLC

AI summary

Various embodiments provide an apparatus, system method for treating neurological conditions by delivering solid form medication to the ventricles or other areas of the brain. Particular embodiments provide an apparatus and method for treating epilepsy and other neurological conditions by delivering solid form medication to ventricles in the brain wherein the medication is contained in a diffusion chamber so as to allow the medication to dissolve in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain and then diffuse out of the diffusion chamber to be delivered to the ventricles and brain tissue. In one or more embodiments, portions of apparatus have sufficient flexibility to conform to the shape of the ventricles of the brain when advanced into them and/or to not cause deformation of the ventricle sufficient to cause a significant physiologic effect.