Flexible Endoscope Laser Ablation for Spinal Decompression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current minimally invasive spinal decompression techniques face challenges in safely and precisely accessing the epidural space due to limited visualization and risk of collateral damage, with existing methods being inadequate for effective ablation of herniated discs and spinal stenosis without damaging adjacent structures.
Innovation Solution
A flexible imaging endoscope with a diameter of 5 mm or less is used, equipped with a fiber optic device for laser ablation and a protective membrane made of shape memory materials to safely visualize and remove encroaching structures in the epidural space, employing CO2 or other lasers for precise tissue removal and shielding adjacent tissues from damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If open surgical approaches are used to access the epidural space, then adequate decompression and reliable treatment can be achieved, but the surgery becomes invasive with long term deleterious consequences and altered structural integrity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical surgical instruments with a laser-based system. The laser fiber delivers energy through the epidural space to ablate herniated disc material without requiring mechanical drilling or cutting tools that would damage spinal structures. This substitution enables effective decompression while preserving the integrity of the spine.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes the different absorption characteristics of tissues at specific laser wavelengths. The laser wavelength is selected to be preferentially absorbed by water in herniated disc material, causing localized heating and vaporization. This selective energy absorption allows precise removal of pathological tissue while sparing adjacent healthy structures.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If minimally invasive epidural surgery is attempted, then invasive consequences are reduced, but safe and precise decompression cannot be achieved due to technological limitations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates multiple functions into a single minimally invasive device: the epidural scope provides visualization, the laser fiber delivers ablation energy, and the system enables both diagnosis and treatment through one access point. This multi-functionality achieves precise decompression without requiring multiple invasive procedures or complex instrument exchanges.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses the epidural space itself as an intermediary pathway. The laser fiber is introduced through the epidural space to reach and ablate herniated disc material from a distance, avoiding direct contact with and potential damage to the spinal cord and nerves. This intermediary approach enables precise tissue removal while maintaining safety.
3Productivity
If epiduroscopy is used with laser for ablation, then tissue removal is achieved, but poor visibility causes collateral damage to sensitive nerve areas
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the visualization function and ablation function into a single integrated system. The epidural scope with its camera and light source is combined with the laser fiber delivery system, allowing the surgeon to simultaneously see the target tissue and deliver precise laser energy. This integration eliminates the risk of collateral damage by ensuring visual confirmation before and during ablation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements real-time visual feedback through the epidural scope camera. The surgeon can continuously monitor the laser ablation process, observe tissue changes, and immediately adjust the laser parameters or fiber position to avoid damage to sensitive structures. This feedback loop ensures safe and controlled tissue removal.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables safe and precise minimally invasive removal of herniated discs and spinal stenosis tissue, reducing the risk of damage to adjacent structures and improving visualization, thus addressing the limitations of current spinal decompression methods.
Implementation Method 1
a fiber optic device for delivering light having an energy density sufficient to ablate tissue
Implementation Method 2
employing CO2 or other lasers for precise tissue removal
Implementation Method 3
a protective membrane made of shape memory materials to safely visualize and remove encroaching structures
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a flexible surgical system for endoscopic spinal decompression and methods thereof. Various methods of accessing the epidural space with this instrument are described. The system design enables placement of the device through several approaches. It is then advanced under direct visualization or fluoroscopic (X-Ray), for example, into areas of the spine including lumbar (low back), thoracic (mid and upper back) and cervical (neck). The pathologies encroaching upon the spinal space can then be visualized wherein the epidural membrane can optionally be displaced to further aid in visualization. The membrane can be used to protect regions of tissue adjacent the site to tissue removal.