Flexible Neural Sensor Array for Precise Brain Signal Localization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing techniques for localizing electrical lesions in the brain, such as MRI, CT, EEG, MEG, ECoG, and DBS, have limitations in spatial and temporal resolution, invasiveness, and tissue disruption, making precise localization and therapeutic intervention challenging for conditions like epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.
Innovation Solution
A universal platform with a flexible substrate and sensor array, integrated with a framework support member and active/passive sensors, allowing for precise localization and interaction with neural tissue using a method that includes depositing an electrically conductive material, forming slots for circuit traces, coating with a dielectric material, and selectively exposing electrode regions for electrophysiological interface.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If noninvasive imaging techniques such as MRI and CT are used to examine brain tissue, then spatial localization of lesions can be achieved, but temporal resolution and ability to detect electrical activity are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines structural imaging capabilities with electrophysiological sensing in a single integrated system. The device merges MRI-compatible structural visualization with EEG-like electrical activity detection, allowing simultaneous acquisition of both spatial and temporal information about brain function and pathology.
Solution Approach 2:
The imaging device is designed with multi-functional capabilities, serving both as a structural imaging tool (analogous to MRI/CT) and an electrophysiological monitoring system (analogous to EEG). This universal platform can detect both anatomical features and electrical activity, eliminating the need for separate specialized devices.
2Loss of information
If electromagnetic recording techniques such as EEG and MEG are used to detect electrical activity, then temporal resolution is excellent, but spatial resolution is limited due to physical distance and dielectric properties
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from external scalp-level recording (2D surface measurement) to intracranial positioning (3D volumetric measurement). By placing sensors within the cranial cavity rather than on the scalp, the system adds a dimensional advantage that overcomes the dielectric barriers of skull and scalp, achieving both high temporal and high spatial resolution simultaneously.
3Measurement precision
If ECoG with craniotomy is performed to improve spatial resolution, then cortical surface electrical activity can be mapped, but patient exposure to surgical risks increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a flexible, thin-film sensor array that can be conformally positioned against the cortical surface or intracranial structures. This flexible substrate allows the device to adapt to complex geometries without requiring rigid fixation or extensive surgical exposure, thereby maintaining high spatial resolution while minimizing surgical trauma.
Solution Approach 2:
The device incorporates dynamic, adjustable positioning capabilities that allow the sensor array to be optimally positioned after implantation. The flexible nature of the device enables post-surgical adjustment to achieve最佳 contact with target regions, maximizing measurement precision while minimizing the extent of initial surgical intervention required.
4Measurement precision
If depth electrodes are used to record electrical activity with high precision, then small volumes of tissue can be recorded from, but normal brain tissue must be disrupted along the electrode trajectory
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the sensing function into multiple distributed sensor elements arranged in an array rather than using a single penetrating electrode. This segmentation allows the system to sample electrical activity from multiple discrete locations simultaneously without requiring deep penetration through healthy tissue, thereby achieving high spatial precision while minimizing tissue disruption.
Solution Approach 2:
The device creates a distributed array of sensing points that collectively map electrical activity across brain regions without requiring physical penetration along a single trajectory. This approach copies the functional capability of depth electrodes across multiple locations, achieving comprehensive spatial coverage with minimal invasive impact on any single tissue pathway.
Data Source
AI summary
An implantable integrated circuit medical device platform having integral and monolithic circuit traces. The platform allows for implanting the device into a mammalian body single and multi-functional interface devices for sensing, monitoring stimulating and/or modulating physiological conditions within the body. Microelectronic circuitry may be integrated onto the platform or may be joined as modular components to the platform.