Flexible NIRS Probe Layout for Spinal Cord Oxygenation Monitoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems are often too large, complex, and not optically efficient, requiring multiple light sources and detectors, and are not compatible with certain body parts, particularly the spinal cord, necessitating a need for compact, accurate, and well-adapted systems for monitoring oxygenation and hemodynamics.
Innovation Solution
A compact NIRS sensor with a flexible design, featuring a light source and photodetector spaced apart, a flexible flap, and a biocompatible material, emitting multiple wavelengths to measure tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics, using a NIRS controller for signal processing and an artificial neural network for parameter computation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional NIRS systems use multiple light sources and detectors to provide accurate measurements, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple light sources and detectors into a single integrated probe assembly. The probe includes multiple LEDs at different wavelengths and multiple photodetectors arranged in a compact configuration, allowing accurate multi-wavelength NIRS measurements while reducing system complexity compared to conventional separate components
2Measurement precision
If conventional NIRS systems use multiple components for accurate measurements, then measurement precision is improved, but the size of the device increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent nests multiple optical components within a single probe structure. Multiple LEDs and photodetectors are arranged in a compact nested configuration where components are integrated within each other's spatial envelope, reducing the overall sensor size while maintaining the capability for accurate multi-wavelength measurements
3Use of energy by moving object
If conventional NIRS systems use traditional optical paths, then light can be directed onto tissue, but optical efficiency decreases due to lossy paths
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an optical coupling medium (such as optical grease or gel) between the probe components and tissue surface to reduce optical impedance mismatch. This intermediary improves light coupling efficiency and reduces losses at the interface, enhancing overall optical efficiency without requiring changes to the fundamental optical path design
4Adaptability or versatility
If conventional NIRS systems are designed for general use, then versatility is maintained, but adaptability to specific body parts like spinal cord decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the probe with locally optimized characteristics for specific application sites. The probe includes flexible flaps or conformal elements that can be adapted to curved surfaces like the spinal cord, and the optical path lengths are configured for shallow penetration depths appropriate for monitoring cortical or spinal tissue, providing local adaptability without requiring complete system redesign
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate, real-time monitoring of spinal cord oxygenation and hemodynamics without invasive procedures, reducing system complexity and size, and improving optical efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
The light source may be operative to emit light from the ventral face of the body
Implementation Method 2
The photodetector may be operative to detect light incident on the ventral face of the body and to generate an output signal
Implementation Method 3
NIRS involves directing light having wavelengths in or around the near infrared range into a material and detecting resulting scattered light
Implementation Method 4
a flexible flap extending laterally from the body along opposed first and second sides of the body
Data Source
AI summary
A system for performing near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors tissue oxygenation and/or hemodynamics. The system comprises a sensor coupled to a controller and/or processing device. The sensor comprises a light source which is operable to emit light of various distinct wavelengths and a detector which is operable to collect corresponding backscattered light.