Flexible Symbols in NR-U COT Structures

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge in wireless communication systems, particularly in New Radio (NR) systems operating on unlicensed spectrum, is to efficiently manage slot format indicators (SFIs) and channel occupancy time (COT) structures to ensure fair coexistence with other technologies and comply with regulatory restrictions.

Innovation Solution

The proposed solution involves a base station that generates and transmits a slot format indicator (SFI) associated with a channel occupancy time (COT) structure, indicating whether slots are for downlink (DL), uplink (UL), or flexible symbols. Flexible symbols create gaps in the COT structure if not overridden for DL or UL transmissions, allowing the base station to dynamically manage the COT duration within regulatory limits.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the base station continuously transmits DL symbols without gaps, then the channel occupancy time is maximized and spectrum efficiency is improved, but interference to other systems operating in the same unlicensed spectrum increases and regulatory compliance becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectrum efficiencyVSAvoidinterference to other systems
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The COT structure is segmented into multiple slots with flexible symbols that can create gaps between DL transmissions. These gaps allow the system to share the unlicensed spectrum fairly with other technologies while maintaining overall high efficiency through multiple DL/UL switching points within the shared COT.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Adaptability or versatility

If gaps are inserted in the COT structure to ensure fair coexistence, then interference to other systems is reduced and regulatory compliance is improved, but the channel occupancy time duration decreases and spectrum efficiency is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoexistence with other technologiesVSAvoidchannel occupancy time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The flexible symbols in the COT structure are dynamically configurable to be overridden as DL or UL transmissions based on traffic requirements. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to optimize the balance between coexistence (gaps) and productivity (continuous transmission) in real-time according to network conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple DL/UL switching points are implemented within a shared COT, then flexibility in resource allocation is improved and power consumption is optimized, but the complexity of managing slot formats increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresource allocation flexibilityVSAvoidslot format management
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The flexible symbols serve multiple functions: they can create gaps for fair coexistence, be overridden as DL transmissions for high productivity, or be configured as UL transmissions for bidirectional communication. This multi-functionality simplifies the overall structure by using a single flexible symbol mechanism to handle diverse resource allocation requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4274287B1Channel occupancy time (COT) structure in new radio (NR) systems operating on unlicensed spectrum
Publication Date: 2025.04.30 APPLE INC
  • EP4274287B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4274287B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4274287B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is provided a user equipment, UE, comprising: radio front end circuitry; and processor circuitry coupled to the radio front end circuitry. The processor circuitry is configured to: receive, using the radio front end circuitry and from a base station, a slot format indicator, SFI, associated with a channel occupancy time, COT, structure, wherein the SFI indicates whether one or more slots associated with the COT structure are to be used for downlink, DL, symbols, uplink, UL, symbols, or flexible symbols, wherein the flexible symbols form one or more gaps in the COT structure in response to the flexible symbols not being overridden as a DL transmission or a UL transmission, wherein a duration of the one or more gaps is counted toward a duration of the COT structure in response to the duration of the one or more gaps being less than or equal to a threshold and the duration of the one or more gaps is not counted toward a duration of the COT structure in response to the duration of the one or more gaps being greater than the threshold; and use the SFI for transmitting of the UL symbols or receiving of the DL symbols between the base station and UE.