Flow Battery Unit Cell Assembly for High-Throughput Production

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current manufacturing processes for electrochemical unit cells in flow batteries are laborious, time-consuming, and expensive, limiting their high-throughput production and leading to potential faults due to manual assembly and operator errors.

Innovation Solution

The development of electrochemical unit cells and stacks compatible with high-throughput manufacturing processes, where materials are supplied from rolled sources, allowing for continuous production line assembly of soft and hard goods, enabling mass production and reducing assembly errors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional batch manufacturing processes with manual or semi-automated assembly are used, then manufacturing flexibility and adaptability are maintained, but productivity is low and manufacturing cost is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing throughputVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cell assembly is divided into modular components (membrane assembly, bipolar plates, gaskets, end plates) that can be independently manufactured and then assembled through a standardized rolling process. This segmentation enables continuous high-throughput production while maintaining process modularity and flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from batch processing parameters to continuous rolling parameters. The manufacturing process uses continuous rolling at controlled speeds with standardized forces applied during lamination, transforming the discrete batch operations into a continuous high-throughput process while maintaining quality control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If manual or semi-automated batch assembly processes are used, then ease of operation and adaptability are preserved, but manufacturing precision and reliability deteriorate due to operator error

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly precisionVSAvoidassembly operation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical assembly operations with an automated continuous rolling process. The rolling mechanism automatically applies controlled pressure and heat to laminate components together, eliminating manual handling and significantly improving assembly precision and consistency while reducing operator error.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The continuous rolling process is self-regulating, with automated control of rolling speed, pressure, and temperature parameters. The process inherently maintains precision through consistent parameter application without requiring manual intervention or adjustment during operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If conventional molding and machining processes are used for hard goods, then manufacturing flexibility is maintained, but productivity is limited and time consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecell production rateVSAvoidmanufacturing cycle time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements continuous rolling processes for manufacturing both soft goods (membrane assemblies) and hard goods (bipolar plates with gaskets). The continuous action eliminates the start-stop nature of batch molding and machining, maintaining productive action throughout the manufacturing cycle and significantly increasing production rate while reducing cycle time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

Components are prepared in advance with pre-cut gaskets, pre-positioned membranes, and pre-formed bipolar plates that are ready for immediate rolling assembly. This preliminary preparation enables the continuous rolling process to proceed without interruptions for component fabrication during the assembly phase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Ease of manufacture

If batch manufacturing processes are used, then adaptability to design changes is maintained, but manufacturing cost and time consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidprocess adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The continuous rolling process serves multiple functions: it laminates membranes to bipolar plates, bonds gaskets in place, and assembles complete cell structures in a single integrated operation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate manufacturing steps and equipment, lowering overall manufacturing cost while maintaining the ability to adapt to different cell designs by changing rolls or tooling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP3443609B1High-throughput manufacturing processes for making electrochemical unit cells and electrochemical unit cells produced using the same
Publication Date: 2024.07.31 LOCKHEED MARTIN ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE LLC
  • EP3443609B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3443609B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3443609B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Flow batteries can be constructed by combining multiple electrochemical unit cells together with one another in a cell stack. High-throughput processes for fabricating electrochemical unit cells can include providing materials from rolled sources for forming a soft goods assembly and a hard goods assembly, supplying the materials to a production line, and forming an electrochemical unit cell having a bipolar plate disposed on opposite sides of a separator. The electrochemical unit cells can have configurations such that bipolar plates are shared between adjacent electrochemical unit cells in a cell stack, or such that bipolar plates between adjacent electrochemical unit cells are abutted together with one another in a cell stack.