Flow Battery System with Segmented Circulation and Dynamic Equalization

The patent divides the flow battery system into multiple independent battery systems (first flow battery system, second flow battery system, etc.), each with its own isolated electrolyte circulation pipeline. This segmentation prevents leakage current from propagating across the entire system while maintaining large-scale energy storage capacity through coordinated operation of multiple independent units.

The patent introduces an equalization pipeline with an equalization valve as an intermediary component between battery systems. This intermediary allows controlled SOC equalization when needed while maintaining pipeline isolation during normal operation, thus preventing continuous leakage current paths while enabling periodic balance operations.

The patent implements SOC detection for each battery system and uses the equalization valve to provide feedback control. When SOC differences between systems exceed thresholds, the equalization valve opens to transfer electrolyte and balance SOCs, creating a closed-loop feedback mechanism that maintains system reliability while enabling large-scale operation.

The patent makes the connection state between battery systems dynamic rather than fixed. The equalization valve dynamically adjusts the connectivity between systems based on real-time SOC conditions, enabling the system to adapt its configuration to maintain stability while operating at large scale.

The patent implements periodic SOC equalization rather than continuous connection. The equalization valve operates intermittently based on detected SOC differences, creating periodic action that maintains SOC uniformity while minimizing the time pipelines are open and leakage current can flow, thus reducing energy loss.

The patent segments the electrolyte circulation into isolated pipelines for each battery system, with controlled connection points only through the equalization valve. This segmentation prevents continuous leakage current paths while still enabling periodic SOC balancing when needed.

The patent segments the power conversion system into independent converter stations for each flow battery system. Each converter station handles its own battery system independently, eliminating the need for complex insulation requirements between series-connected power modules while still achieving the required voltage through coordinated operation of multiple independent converter stations.

Instead of using series connection of power modules to achieve high voltage (which requires complete independent insulation), the patent inverts the approach by using parallel connection of independent converter stations, each converting from its own battery system. This achieves the same voltage requirement through parallel power contribution without the insulation complexity of series connections.