Ultrasonic Flowmeter Coupling Element Rods

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ultrasonic flowmeters face challenges in high-temperature applications due to material mismatches between transducers and measurement media, leading to signal loss and limited bandwidth, requiring additional matching layers which can further reduce signal strength.

Innovation Solution

A coupling element comprising at least three rods with varying cross-sectional areas and lengths, made of materials like steel, stainless steel, or ceramic, designed to minimize impedance mismatch and maintain acoustic signal integrity by direct or indirect contact with the transducer, allowing for efficient transmission without material transitions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If metallic coupling elements are used for good thermal insulation, then thermal performance is improved, but additional matching layers are required which reduce signal strength

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal insulationVSAvoidsignal strength
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from traditional metallic coupling elements to a composite structure with a polymer outer layer and metallic inner rods. This parameter change allows the coupling element to maintain thermal insulation properties while eliminating the need for additional matching layers, thereby preserving signal strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a composite material structure consisting of a polymer outer layer surrounding metallic inner rods. This composite design combines the thermal insulation advantages of polymers with the acoustic properties of metals, achieving both thermal performance and signal integrity without requiring additional matching layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If additional matching layers are added to reduce impedance mismatch, then impedance matching is improved, but signal strength is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance matchingVSAvoidsignal strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the structural parameter by using a multi-material composite design where the polymer outer layer and metallic inner rods are specifically dimensioned and positioned to achieve impedance matching. This eliminates the need for separate matching layers while maintaining signal strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The composite coupling element structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: thermal insulation from the polymer outer layer, acoustic signal transmission through the metallic rods, and impedance matching through the specific configuration of materials and dimensions. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate matching layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Ease of operation

If ultrasonic transducers are attached to pipe wall with toggle fastener, then ease of installation is improved, but signal transmission is reduced compared to firm attachment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of installationVSAvoidsignal transmission
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a coupling element as an intermediary between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe wall. This coupling element with its specific composite structure and acoustic properties enables effective signal transmission while allowing for easy installation, bridging the gap between installation convenience and signal integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution provides a robust, high-temperature capable ultrasonic flowmeter with improved signal strength, reduced signal decay, and adapted impedance matching, enabling effective flow measurement across a wide temperature range.

Implementation Method 1

The ultrasonic transducers normally consist of an electromechanical transducer element, e.g. a piezoelectric element, also known as a piezo for short

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

The ultrasonic waves are generated in the piezoelectric element and guided via the coupling layer to the pipe wall and from there into the liquid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic conduction: Sound

Implementation Method 3

Since the speeds of sound in liquids and plastics are different, the ultrasonic waves are refracted when passing from one medium to the other. The angle of refraction is determined in a first approximation according to Snell's law.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 4

The adaptation layer assumes the function of transmitting the ultrasonic signal and at the same time reducing a reflection at boundary layers between two materials caused by different acoustic impedances.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic impedance matching: Reflection

Implementation Method 5

With the Doppler principle, ultrasonic waves with a specific frequency are coupled into the liquid and the ultrasonic waves reflected by the liquid are evaluated. The flow velocity of the liquid can also be determined from the frequency shift between the coupled and reflected waves.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDoppler effect: Doppler Effect

Implementation Method 6

With the transit time difference principle, the different transit times of ultrasonic pulses are evaluated relative to the flow direction of the liquid.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTransit time difference: Time of Flight

Data Source

PatentEP2324933B1Coupling element of a sensor of an ultrasound flow measuring device
Publication Date: 2020.01.08 ENDRESS HAUSER FLOWTEC AG
  • EP2324933B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2324933B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2324933B1 patent drawing

AI summary

Coupling element of a sensor of an ultrasonic flow meter, comprising at least three rods, each with a first rod end and a second rod end, wherein the rods each have first end faces at their first ends, which are each acoustically coupleable with the sound-emitting and/or sound-receiving surface of an ultrasonic transducer element, wherein the first end faces of the rods together form a first coupling surface of the coupling element, and wherein the rods each have second end faces at their second ends, which form a second coupling surface of the coupling element, wherein the rods each have a first rod cross-section which differs in shape and/or size from a second rod cross-section.