Electromagnetic Flowmeter Empty Pipe Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electromagnetic flowmeters face challenges in accurately measuring fluid flow when the conduit is not completely filled, as conventional empty pipe detection systems are inadequate in distinguishing between low fluid flow and electrodes exposed above the fluid level.

Innovation Solution

A magnetic flowmeter system that includes an electrical coil generating a reversing magnetic field, electrodes to detect voltage differences, and an empty conduit detector analyzing signal saturation, line noise, flow-induced voltage, and magnetic flux-induced EMF to determine electrode immersion in the fluid, thereby distinguishing between low flow and electrode exposure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional empty pipe detection systems are used to detect whether electrodes are immersed in fluid, then the system can identify empty pipe conditions, but it cannot reliably distinguish between low fluid flow and electrodes exposed above the fluid level

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveempty pipe detection accuracyVSAvoidflow measurement reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The detection function is segmented into multiple independent signal analysis channels: EMF detection channel, flow-induced voltage detection channel, and line noise analysis channel. Each channel analyzes specific signal characteristics independently, allowing the system to distinguish between different operational conditions (low flow vs. empty pipe) by evaluating multiple segmented detection results rather than relying on a single detection method

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces EMF induced by magnetic flux change as an intermediary indicator to verify the operational state of the electrodes. By detecting whether EMF is present when no flow-induced voltage is detected, the system uses this intermediary signal to determine whether electrodes are properly immersed in fluid, thereby resolving the ambiguity between low flow and empty pipe conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If the conduit is not completely filled with fluid, then the flowmeter can handle partial flow conditions, but the electrodes may be positioned above the fluid level causing inaccurate measurements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepartial flow handling capabilityVSAvoidflow rate measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors signal characteristics (EMF presence, flow-induced voltage, line noise levels) and uses this feedback to dynamically determine the operational state of the electrodes. When feedback indicates electrodes are exposed (no EMF detected), the system adjusts its measurement approach or flags the condition, ensuring accurate flow measurement only when electrodes are properly immersed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If a low flow rate measurement is obtained, then the system can detect slow flow conditions, but it cannot determine whether this is due to actual low flow or electrode exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelow flow detection capabilityVSAvoidflow condition information
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The detection system dynamically adapts its analysis based on real-time signal conditions. When flow-induced voltage is below detection threshold, the system dynamically switches to EMF detection mode to verify electrode immersion status. This dynamic adjustment of detection strategy preserves information about whether low flow measurement is due to actual low flow or electrode exposure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively determines electrode immersion in the fluid, preventing inaccurate flow rate measurements by differentiating between low flow conditions and electrode exposure, ensuring reliable fluid flow monitoring.

Implementation Method 1

An electrical coil is arranged on the conduit to generate a magnetic field extending through the conduit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

When conductive fluid flows through the conduit, the magnetic field induces a voltage difference between two locations in the fluid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

a low-flow verification system configured to distinguish a condition in which a low or zero flow rate measurement is caused by a low rate of fluid flow through the conduit from a condition in which a low or zero flow rate measurement is caused by the electrodes being positioned above a level of the fluid in the conduit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3208581B1Electromagnetic flowmeter empty pipe detection system
Publication Date: 2019.03.27 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SYSTEMS USA INC
  • EP3208581B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3208581B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3208581B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A magnetic flowmeter includes a conduit and an electrical coil for generating a magnetic field extending through the conduit. A coil driver is configured to energize the coil and generate a periodically reversing magnetic field. Electrodes are arranged to detect voltages generated by flow of a conductive fluid through the magnetic field. A measurement system measures fluid flow rate using voltages detected by the electrodes. An empty conduit detector receives signals from the electrodes and determines whether or not the electrodes are immersed in the conductive fluid by analyzing the signals from the electrodes. The flowmeter optionally includes a low-flow verification system for distinguishing true low or zero flow rate measurements from measurements caused by the electrodes being exposed above the fluid level in the conduit by assessing whether or not EMF induced by magnetic flux change can be detected.