Flue Gas Filtration Salt Formation Oxidizing Agent
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for filtering flue gases from coal-fired power plants and industrial processes are inefficient in removing sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury vapor, with existing technologies failing to achieve high removal efficiencies and requiring costly interventions.
Innovation Solution
The introduction of an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), into the flue gas stream to react with SO2, forming sulfur trioxide (SO3) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4), combined with ammonia (NH3) to form salts, which are then removed using a filter medium with a porous protective and catalytic layer, enhancing the SO2 and NOx removal efficiencies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional filtration methods are used, then the filtration system is simple and operational costs are low, but SO2 removal efficiency is extremely low (0.1%) and NOx removal efficiency is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the flue gas stream by introducing oxidizing agents (ozone, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, permanganates, hypochlorites) to convert SO2 into sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid, which then react with ammonia to form removable salts. This chemical parameter transformation enables SO2 removal efficiency to increase from 0.1% to 99.9% while managing system complexity through controlled chemical additions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses oxidizing agents as intermediary substances that facilitate the transformation of SO2 into removable forms. These intermediaries (ozone, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, etc.) act as mediators between the flue gas and the filtration system, enabling efficient SO2 removal without requiring fundamental changes to the filtration infrastructure
2Manufacturing precision
If oxidizing agents and ammonia are introduced to increase SO2 removal efficiency, then SO2 removal efficiency increases to 99.9%, but the process complexity and operational costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs self-service mechanisms where the oxidizing agents and ammonia react spontaneously with SO2 and its oxidation products to form salts that are automatically removed by the filtration system. The process leverages the flue gas's own composition (presence of SO2, NOx, and potential ammonia sources) to drive the removal process without requiring external energy input or complex control systems
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes strong oxidizing agents (ozone, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, permanganates, hypochlorites) to accelerate the oxidation of SO2 into sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. This accelerated oxidation process dramatically increases SO2 removal efficiency to 99.9% by rapidly transforming the pollutant into removable forms, overcoming the limitations of conventional slow oxidation methods
3Productivity
If conventional filtration is used, then operational costs are low, but removal efficiency for SO2 and NOx is insufficient and costly interventions are required later
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by introducing oxidizing agents and ammonia into the flue gas stream before the filtration process to pre-transform SO2 and NOx into removable salts. This preliminary chemical transformation occurs in the gas stream itself, converting difficult-to-remove pollutants into easily filterable forms, thereby increasing removal efficiency and reducing the need for costly post-treatment interventions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful effect of SO2 and NOx into beneficial outcomes by using oxidizing agents to transform these pollutants into sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, and nitrogen compounds that react with ammonia to form removable salts. This conversion turns the original harmful pollutants into beneficial removable substances, increasing removal efficiency while reducing long-term operational costs
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method significantly increases the SO2 removal efficiency from 0.1% to 99.9% and NOx removal efficiency, effectively capturing pollutants and converting them into less harmful salts, thereby improving air quality and reducing operational costs.
Implementation Method 1
introducing at least one oxidizing agent into the flue gas stream, so as to react at least some of the SO2 with the at least one oxidizing agent to form sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof
Implementation Method 2
introducing ammonia (NH3) into the flue gas stream, so as to react at least some of the sulfur trioxide (SO3), at least some of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof, with the ammonia (NH3) and form at least one salt
Implementation Method 3
filter medium with a porous protective and catalytic layer, enhancing the SO2 and NOx removal efficiencies
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for increasing removal efficiency of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, at least one oxidizing agent is introduced into the flue gas stream, so as to react SO2 with the at least one oxidizing agent to form sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof. Some of the embodiments further include introducing ammonia (NH3) and or dry sorbent into the flue gas stream, so as to react at least some of the sulfur trioxide (SO3), at least some of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof, with the ammonia (NH3) and form at least one salt.