Fluid Sample Processing Device for Biosensor Interference Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fluid samples, particularly biofluids, often contain interfering components like salts, lipids, and proteins that must be modified before analysis, as they can precipitate or foul biosensors, and traditional methods struggle with pH and concentration adjustments to optimize analyte detection.
Innovation Solution
Devices and methods that perform concentration, dilution, desalination, pH buffering, scrubbing of nonpolar substances, and reagent delivery using electrodialysis, osmotic flux, and electrophoresis to prepare fluid samples for effective analyte detection, incorporating semipermeable membranes and electrodes to control osmolarity and pH.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional sample preparation methods are used, then the processing steps are simple, but the analyte detection accuracy is reduced due to interference from salts, lipids, and proteins
Solution Approach 1:
The sample preparation process is divided into multiple sequential processing stages, each performing a specific function (concentration, dilution, desalination, pH buffering, lipid removal). This segmentation allows each stage to address specific interferents systematically, improving analyte detection accuracy while maintaining organized and manageable complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The sample preparation device is designed as a multi-functional integrated system that can perform concentration, dilution, desalination, pH adjustment, and lipid removal in a single platform. This universal approach eliminates the need for multiple separate preparation steps, improving detection accuracy without proportionally increasing overall system complexity
2Reliability
If salt concentration is reduced to prevent biosensor precipitation, then biosensor stability is improved, but analyte binding affinity is reduced due to charge shielding
Solution Approach 1:
The device performs preliminary desalination of the biofluid sample before the sample contacts the biosensor. By removing excess salts in advance, the sample is conditioned to the optimal salt concentration for biosensor operation, preventing precipitation while maintaining sufficient binding affinity through controlled desalination rather than complete salt removal
Solution Approach 2:
The device dynamically adjusts the salt concentration parameter of the sample to an optimal range for biosensor operation. Through controlled desalination processes, the system transforms the sample from high-salt biofluid to optimal-salt condition, simultaneously improving biosensor stability and preserving analyte binding capability
3Measurement precision
If concentration of analyte is increased to improve detection sensitivity, then detection sensitivity is improved, but interference from other components is also increased
Solution Approach 1:
The device extracts and removes interfering components (salts, lipids, proteins) from the biofluid sample through dedicated processing stages before analyte detection. This extraction of harmful components allows subsequent concentration steps to increase analyte sensitivity without proportionally increasing interference, as the interferents have been selectively removed
Solution Approach 2:
The device introduces intermediate processing stages between the raw sample and the detection step. These intermediary desalination and purification stages act as mediators that separate the analyte from interfering components, allowing safe concentration of the analyte without co-concentration of interferents that would otherwise compromise detection
4Measurement precision
If multiple processing stages are implemented to remove interferents, then analyte detection accuracy is improved, but processing time is increased
Solution Approach 1:
The device implements continuous flow processing where samples move continuously through multiple processing stages (concentration, desalination, pH adjustment, lipid removal) without interruption. This continuous action through integrated stages achieve comprehensive interferent removal and analyte preparation more efficiently than batch processing, reducing overall processing time while maintaining detection accuracy
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enable precise modification of fluid samples to improve analyte binding efficiency and reduce interference, allowing for accurate detection across a range of concentrations and pH levels, enhancing the performance of biosensors and monitoring applications.
Implementation Method 1
a semipermeable membrane that separates the biofluid sample from a draw solution
Implementation Method 2
concentration, dilution, desalination, pH buffering, scrubbing of nonpolar substances, and reagent delivery using electrodialysis, osmotic flux, and electrophoresis
Implementation Method 3
concentration, dilution, desalination, pH buffering, scrubbing of nonpolar substances, and reagent delivery using electrodialysis, osmotic flux, and electrophoresis
Implementation Method 4
concentration, dilution, desalination, pH buffering, scrubbing of nonpolar substances, and reagent delivery using electrodialysis, osmotic flux, and electrophoresis
Data Source
AI summary
Described are devices for and methods of modulating a fluid sample. The devices (10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, 160, 220) include at least one sample-modulating component (20, 76, 78, 90, 110, 112, 116, 150, 152, 154, 162, 164, 182, 184, 186, 222, and 230) and, in some embodiments, two or more sample-modulating components. The sample-modulating components are each capable of performing a function selected from the following group: concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample; diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample; desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity; adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range; absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample.