Fluidic Channel Component Delivery via Displacement Fluids

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current technologies face challenges in efficiently introducing components into microwells for gene expression analysis, particularly in ensuring precise control over fluid flow and component delivery.

Innovation Solution

The method involves introducing a first fluid into a fluidic channel with microwells, followed by a displacement fluid, and then a second fluid with components that enter the microwell upon contact, with a second displacement fluid sealing the content.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If multiple fluids are introduced sequentially into the fluidic channel, then precise control over component delivery into microwells is achieved, but the device complexity increases due to multiple fluid introduction steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent delivery precisionVSAvoidfluid introduction process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The fluid introduction process is segmented into distinct sequential steps: first fluid introduction, first displacement fluid introduction, second fluid introduction with components, and second displacement fluid introduction. Each segment serves a specific function in controlling component delivery into micrawells, allowing precise manipulation of fluid flow and component placement without requiring complex simultaneous multi-fluid control mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first fluid and first displacement fluid are introduced before the second fluid containing the components to be delivered. This preliminary action prepares the fluidic channel by establishing initial flow conditions and clearing pathways, ensuring that subsequent component-containing fluid is delivered precisely into microwells without contamination or mixing issues from previous fluids.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If micrawell array density is increased, then the productivity of gene expression analysis is improved, but cross-talk between adjacent micrawells increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegene expression analysis throughputVSAvoidcross-talk between micrawells
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Displacement fluids serve as intermediaries between the first fluid and the second fluid containing components, and between the second fluid and the third fluid. These displacement fluids create sharp fluid interfaces that prevent mixing and cross-contamination between different fluid introductions, thereby eliminating cross-talk between adjacent micrawells even when array density is high.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The sequential introduction of fluids and displacement fluids creates continuous, controlled action throughout the micrawell array. Each displacement fluid immediately follows its corresponding component fluid, maintaining continuous control over fluid boundaries and preventing diffusion or mixing that could cause cross-talk, thereby enabling high-density arrays to operate without interference.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Reliability

If displacement fluids are used to seal micrawell content, then the reliability of component containment is improved, but the duration of the fluid introduction process increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent containment reliabilityVSAvoidfluid introduction process time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Displacement fluids are introduced into the fluidic channel to physically displace and seal the component-containing second fluid within the micrawells. This hydraulic action creates reliable containment by using fluid pressure and displacement to ensure complete sealing, preventing any leakage or contamination while maintaining a relatively quick process through efficient fluid dynamics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for precise control over the introduction of components into microwells, reducing cross-talk and enabling higher density microwell arrays without increased cross-talk, thus enhancing the efficiency of gene expression analysis.

Implementation Method 1

introducing a first displacement fluid into the fluidic channel to displace the first fluid from the fluidic channel volume

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid displacement: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

one or more components of the second fluid enters the content in the microwell when the second fluid comes into contact with the content in the microwell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP3941630B1Precise delivery of components into fluids
Publication Date: 2025.04.16 CELLULAR RESEARCH INC
  • EP3941630B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3941630B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3941630B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed herein include systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods for introducing one or more components into a fluid. A first fluid and a second fluid can be co-injected into a fluidic channel of a flow cell. In some embodiments, the first fluid and a second fluid are immiscible (e.g. an aqueous buffer and a non-aqueous liquid). In some embodiments, the second fluid is less dense than the first fluid.