Fluidic Diffraction Chip for Label-Free Whole Blood Cell Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current biochip technologies for detecting cells or bacteria in whole blood are inefficient, requiring fluorescent staining and manual counting, which can lead to misjudgments and take over four hours, failing to meet the needs of large-scale patient testing due to mis-staining of white blood cells and varying fluorescence intensities.
Innovation Solution
A whole blood sample detection method using a fluidic diffraction chip that emits a laser light source with a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm and power density of 2 mW/cm2 to 2000 mW/cm2, allowing for the calculation of cell numbers based on laser diffraction signal attenuation without the need for staining, utilizing a system with a sample injection component, flushing component, laser transmitter, receiver, and processor to determine target quantities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If fluorescent staining method is used for cell detection, then cell identification capability is improved, but detection time increases to over 4 hours and mis-staining errors occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the chemical fluorescent staining process with a physical laser diffraction-based detection method. The diffraction chip uses optical diffraction patterns to identify and count cells without requiring chemical labels, thereby eliminating the time-consuming staining process while maintaining detection accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates optical copies (diffraction patterns) of cells instead of using physical chemical labels. By analyzing the diffraction patterns generated when laser light passes through cells, the system can identify and count cells rapidly without the need for fluorescent staining and manual microscopy.
2Measurement precision
If fluorescent staining is used to identify cells, then cell detection capability is improved, but detection efficiency decreases due to manual counting requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual fluorescent microscopy with an automated optical diffraction system. The diffraction chip automatically captures and analyzes diffraction patterns, enabling computerized cell counting and identification without manual intervention, thus dramatically improving detection efficiency while maintaining accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates digital copies of cell diffraction patterns that can be automatically analyzed by software algorithms. This eliminates the need for manual counting under the microscope and enables high-throughput automated detection with consistent accuracy.
3Measurement precision
If antibody markers are used for cell identification, then specific cell targeting is improved, but device complexity increases due to staining and microscopy equipment
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex fluorescent microscopy systems with a simpler optical diffraction setup. The diffraction chip contains microlens arrays and diffraction gratings that can be integrated into compact devices, eliminating the need for expensive and complex fluorescence microscopes while maintaining cell identification capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the essential detection function from complex staining and microscopy systems by using optical diffraction patterns that inherently encode cell information. This allows cell identification without requiring external fluorescent labels or complex optical systems, simplifying the overall detection apparatus.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and accurate detection of cell or bacterial numbers in whole blood samples, specifically for circulating tumor cells and Yersinia pestis, without the need for fluorescent staining, improving detection efficiency and reducing errors, with the method capable of processing samples in a fraction of the time of traditional methods.
Implementation Method 1
emitting a laser light source through the diffraction chip, wherein the wavelength range of the laser light source is 400 nm to 700 nm... receiving a laser diffraction signal
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides a whole blood sample detection method, device and system using a fluidic diffraction chip, including: injecting a whole blood sample through a diffraction chip; rinsing the diffraction chip; emitting a laser light source through the diffraction chip, wherein the wavelength range of the laser light source is 400 nm to 700 nm, the laser power density range of the diffraction chip is 2 mW/cm2 to 2000 mW/cm2, and a laser diffraction signal is received on the opposite side of the laser transmitter. The attenuation of the laser diffraction signal calculates the number of a test target. The method, device and system of the present invention can detect the number and status of cells or bacteria without labeling of cells or bacteria.