Fluidized Bed CO2 Sorbent for Cabin Air Purification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing systems for removing CO2 from vehicle passenger cabins require significant energy to operate, particularly when used continuously over long periods, due to the need for high-pressure air flow over regenerative CO2 sorbent materials and desorption processes.
Innovation Solution
A closed container system with a fluidized bed of amine-containing particulate sorbent material, utilizing a porous distributor and dedicated gas conduits, allows for efficient CO2 adsorption and desorption with reduced energy requirements by using mild conditions and waste heat from the vehicle for desorption, minimizing pressure drop and energy consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a regenerative CO2 sorbent material is used with high-pressure air flow to remove CO2 from the cabin, then CO2 removal effectiveness is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the operating parameters from high-pressure air flow to low-pressure or atmospheric pressure operation. The sorbent material is designed to effectively adsorb CO2 at these lower pressures, eliminating the need for energy-intensive compression while maintaining CO2 removal effectiveness below 1000 ppm.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a porous sorbent material with high surface area and optimized pore structure that enables efficient CO2 adsorption at low pressures. The porous structure provides numerous active sites for CO2 capture without requiring high-pressure forcing, thus reducing energy consumption while maintaining effectiveness.
2Use of energy by moving object
If waste heat from the vehicle is used for desorption, then energy requirements are reduced, but desorption efficiency may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a self-service approach where the vehicle's own waste heat is utilized for the desorption process. The sorbent material is specifically designed to desorb CO2 at the temperature range provided by vehicle waste heat, eliminating the need for external heating systems while maintaining adequate desorption efficiency for continuous operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the desorption temperature parameter to match the available waste heat temperature range rather than requiring higher temperatures. This parameter adjustment ensures that the sorbent can be regenerated using low-grade thermal energy from the vehicle, reducing overall energy requirements while maintaining functional effectiveness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively maintains low CO2 concentrations in vehicle cabins with reduced energy usage, utilizing low-pressure air flow and waste heat for desorption, making it more efficient and economical for continuous operation.
Implementation Method 1
using an amine-containing particulate material which can be processed to selectively adsorb and subsequently desorb the CO2
Implementation Method 2
utilizing a porous distributor and dedicated gas conduits, allows for efficient CO2 adsorption and desorption with reduced energy requirements by using mild conditions
Implementation Method 3
using mild conditions and waste heat from the vehicle for desorption, minimizing pressure drop and energy consumption
Implementation Method 4
A closed container system with a fluidized bed of amine-containing particulate sorbent material
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus and process for separating and removing CO2 generated by one or more passengers in the air in the interior of a cabin of a vehicle. Provided are: —a first stream of the air from the interior of the cabin to an interior of a container holding a loose particulate sorbent for CO2; —a second stream of air depleted in CO2 from the interior of the container holding the sorbent to an interior of the cabin; —a third stream of the air from exterior of the cabin to the inferior of the container holding the sorbent; and —a fourth stream of air enriched in CO2 from the interior of the container holding the sorbent to an exterior of the cabin.