Fluidized Bed Reactor Gas Rotation for Caking Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Caking and uneven distribution of solids in fluidized bed reactors during exhaust gas cleaning processes lead to reduced material contact, deposition of harmful gases, and operational disruptions, particularly due to improper nozzle design and water spray distribution.
Innovation Solution
Introducing a rotational movement of gas and solids within the fluidized bed reactor using multiple nozzles with guide vanes, which creates a uniform rotation along the flow axis, reducing solid sedimentation and caking, and allowing for efficient recirculation of up to 99% of the sorbent.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If water spray is used to clean deposits in the fluidized bed reactor, then cleaning effect is improved, but deposits form unevenly and clog nozzles and feed lines
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a rotational movement of the gas stream within the fluidized bed reactor, transforming the static fluidized bed into a dynamic system. This rotation prevents uniform deposit formation and clogging by continuously changing the flow patterns and particle distribution, thereby maintaining nozzle functionality while achieving cleaning effects.
Solution Approach 2:
The rotational gas stream creates dynamic mechanical motion within the reactor, which prevents deposits from settling uniformly on nozzle surfaces. This continuous motion disrupts the formation of clogging deposits while maintaining effective water spray cleaning throughout the reactor volume.
2Quantity of substance
If solids loading is increased to prevent deposits, then material contact is improved, but uniform distribution of recirculating solids is disrupted
Solution Approach 1:
By introducing rotational movement to the gas stream, the system dynamically redistributes solids throughout the reactor volume. This prevents localized accumulation while maintaining high overall solids loading, ensuring both improved material contact and uniform distribution of recirculating solids.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the gas stream from the conventional vertical flow path and redirects it through a tangential inlet, creating a separate rotational flow component. This extracted and redirected flow path enables independent control of solids distribution patterns, achieving uniform distribution even at high solids loading.
3Device complexity
If conventional vertical gas flow is used, then simple reactor design is maintained, but deposits form on inner surfaces and operational stability decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the reactor by introducing a tangential gas inlet that creates rotational flow. This dynamic flow pattern prevents deposit formation on inner surfaces by continuously moving particles and gas throughout the reactor, significantly improving operational stability without requiring complex additional components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a conventional one-dimensional vertical gas flow to a two-dimensional rotational flow pattern by introducing tangential inlet. This dimensional change creates spiral motion that effectively prevents deposit formation on reactor walls while maintaining design simplicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces caking, ensures uniform solid distribution, maintains effective material contact, and prevents nozzle clogging, thereby enhancing the operational stability and efficiency of the fluidized bed reactor.
Implementation Method 1
the gas undergoes a rotation around the flow axis in the fluidized bed reactor
Implementation Method 2
circulating fluidized bed in which the flue gas comes into contact with the sorbent
Implementation Method 3
A sorbent, such as hydrated lime or calcium oxide, is also injected into the fluidized bed reactor. The circulation of solids separated in a filter to the reactor creates a circulating fluidized bed in which the flue gas comes into contact with the sorbent, and pollutants are separated from the flue gas.
Implementation Method 4
pollutants are separated from the flue gas
Implementation Method 5
The flue gas, along with the separated reaction products and the sorbent, is routed from the fluidized bed reactor through a pipeline and dedusted in a downstream filter system with a solids separator.
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
Figure 4~5
AI summary
The invention relates to a method for cleaning exhaust gases (1), in which an exhaust gas and a sorbent (4) are combined in a fluidized bed reactor (3). In a subsequent filter system (7), solid matter is segregated, and thereafter, up to 99 per cent of the sorbent is re-channeled (6) into the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the gas is subjected to a rotation around the flow axis in the fluidized bed reactor.