Fluorescence Amplifier Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Structure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluorescence detection technologies, such as immunofluorescence techniques, require complex and expensive instrumentation with low sensitivity and limited fluorescence amplification, making it difficult to detect trace amounts of target analytes effectively.
Innovation Solution
A fluorescence amplifier sensor utilizing a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure with specific refractive index ratios and imperfections, capable of significantly amplifying fluorescence signals, allowing for easy detection of target analytes without complex equipment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If complex and expensive instrumentation is used for fluorescence detection, then detection sensitivity is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a fluorescence amplifier sensor as an intermediary device between the sample and the detection system. This sensor comprises a photonic crystal structure that enhances the fluorescence signal from the sample, acting as a signal amplifier that bridges the gap between weak fluorescence emission and detectable signal levels, thereby reducing the need for complex instrumentation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the optical parameters of the detection system by introducing a photonic crystal structure with specific refractive index ratios and controlled imperfections. This structure changes the local optical field distribution and enhances fluorescence emission through constructive interference, effectively amplifying the signal without requiring complex detection instrumentation
2Illumination intensity
If optical amplifier devices are used for UV irradiation, then fluorescence detection is enabled, but maximum fluorescence values are limited to less than 10,000 RFU
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite photonic crystal structure combining multiple layers with different refractive indices (e.g., silicon nitride and silicon oxide layers) to achieve enhanced fluorescence amplification. This composite structure creates multiple interfaces that collectively amplify the fluorescence signal, achieving values exceeding 20,000 RFU while maintaining a relatively simple device architecture
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces controlled imperfections and specific structural features at localized positions within the photonic crystal structure to enhance fluorescence amplification. By strategically placing defects or variations in specific regions, the sensor creates localized hot spots for fluorescence enhancement without requiring complex overall device architecture
3Quantity of substance
If trace amounts of target analytes are detected by fluorescence, then detection capability is improved, but the limit of detection remains high without amplification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary signal amplification by pre-positioning the sample in contact with the fluorescence amplifier sensor before detection. The photonic crystal structure is designed to enhance the fluorescence signal in advance, converting weak signals from trace analytes into detectable signals before the actual measurement process, thereby lowering the limit of detection
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The sensor achieves fluorescence values over 20,000 RFU, enabling detection of trace amounts of target analytes with the naked eye, simplifying the detection process and reducing the need for costly instrumentation.
Implementation Method 1
a fluorophore, whose fluorescence can be amplified by the sensor according to the present invention
Implementation Method 2
A fluorescence amplifier sensor utilizing a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure with specific refractive index ratios and imperfections
Implementation Method 3
a marker that, by absorbing ultraviolet waves (UV, i.e., light radiation having a wavelength between 10 and 400 nm), emits light in the visible spectrum
Implementation Method 4
emits light in the visible spectrum (fluorescence phenomenon)
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
Figure 4
AI summary
A sensor (1) for amplifying fluorescence of a sample comprises: - a photonic crystal structure (3) of one-dimensional type comprising a first layer (3') in a first material having a first refractive index (n1) and a second layer (3") in a second material having a second refractive index (n2), wherein said first (3") and second (3") layers are repeated alternately to form a plurality of overlapping layers (3', 3'), in an odd number between 7 and 13, such that the outermost layer of the plurality of overlapping layers placed on an upper side of the sensor (1) is a first layer (3') made of the first material, wherein the first refractive index (n1) is greater than the second refractive index (n2) and the ratio of the first refractive index (n1) to the second refractive index (n2) is between 1.5 and 2.2, wherein each layer of the plurality of layers of the photonic crystal structure has a thickness between 9 and 36 nm; - a free outer surface (4) suitable for supporting said sample, formed on said upper side of the amplifier sensor (1).